تحقیقات علوم زراعی در مناطق خشک

تحقیقات علوم زراعی در مناطق خشک

اثر مصرف علف‎کش‎های پیش رویشی و پس رویشی و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد باقلا و کنترل علف‎های هرز در دو منطقه دره شهر و ملکشاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
زاهد زینی وند 1
عباس ملکی 2
فرزاد بابایی 2
علیرضا طاهری 3
محمد میرزائی حیدری 4
1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ایلام، ایلام، ایران
2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ایلام، ایلام، ایران
3 گروه شیمی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ایلام، ایلام، ایران
4 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
10.22034/csrar.2024.446933.1407
چکیده
مصرف زیاد علف‎کش برای کنترل علف‎های هرز باقلا موجب خسارت به محیط زیست می‎گردد که لزوم شناسایی دوز مناسب را نمایان می‎کند. مطالعه حاضر به بررسی اثر علف‎کش و نیتروژن بر عملکرد باقلا و علف‎های هرز در مناطق دره شهر و ملکشاهی طی سال زراعی 1400-1399 می‎پردازد. آزمایش به‎صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی کود نیتروژن در 3 سطح 0، 50 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. عامل فرعی 5 سطح علف‎کش ترفلان (عدم مصرف، 0/5، 1، 1/5 و 2 لیتر در هکتار) و 5 سطح از علف‎کش هالوکسی فوپ (عدم مصرف، 0/3، 0/6، 0/9 و 1/2 لیتر در هکتار) بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار 50 کیلوگرم نیتروژن و مصرف 0/9 لیتر هالوکسی‎فوپ به مقدار 2506/3 کیلوگرم در هکتار حاصل شد. بین 50 کیلوگرم نیتروژن و مصرف 0/9 لیتر در هکتار هالوکسی‎فوپ با تیمار 50 کیلوگرم نیتروژن و مصرف 1/5 یا 2 لیتر در هکتار ترفلان اختلاف معنی‎داری از لحاظ عملکرد دانه وجود نداشت. در تمامی سطوح مصرف کود نیتروژن، افزایش مصرف هالوکسی‎فوپ یا ترفلان به‎ترتیب به‎مقدار 1/2 و 2 لیتر در هکتار موجب کاهش عملکرد شد. در خصوص هر دو علف‎کش ترفلان و هالوکسی‎فوپ نیز به ترتیب با مصرف 1/5 و 0/9 لیتر در هکتار هم عملکرد دانه‎ی مناسبی تولید شد و هم وزن و تراکم علف‎های هرز را کاهش یافت؛ چرا که اختلاف معنی‎داری با تیمارهای 2 و 1/2 لیتر ترفلان و هالوکسی‎فوپ وجود نداشت و این به حفظ پایداری محیط زیست کمک می‎کند.      
کلیدواژه‌ها
اوره
تراکم علف‎های هرز
ترفلان
عملکرد دانه
هالوکسی فوپ

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the mutual effect of herbicide and nitrogen fertilizer on the functional characteristics of beans and weeds in regions of Dareshar and Malekshahi

نویسندگان English

Zahed Zeinivand 1
Abbas Maleki 2
Farzad Babaei 2
Alireza Taheri 3
Mohammad Mirzaei Heydari 4
1 Ph. D Student of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Ilam Branch, Ilam, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Ilam Branch, Ilam, Iran
3 Department of Chemistry, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran
4 Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Beans are known as an important plant in agriculture and are cultivated in many tropical and temperate regions. The presence of weeds reduces the performance of this valuable plant, which can be compensated by the use of herbicides, but excessive use of herbicides causes damage to the environment, which shows the need to identify the appropriate dose. Nitrogen fertilizer also increases the yield of beans and weeds.
Materials and Methods: Therefore, the present study examines the mutual effect of herbicide and nitrogen fertilizer on the performance characteristics of broad beans and weeds in heavy and sandy soils of two regions of Dareh Shahr and Malekshahi during the crop year of 2020-2021 in Ilam province (Iran). The experiment was performed as a split plot in the form of a basic design of randomized complete blocks with three replications. The first factor includes 5 levels of Treflan herbicide with EC 48% (no use, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 1 liter per hectare) and 5 levels of haloxyfop armetyl herbicide with EC 10.8% (no use, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 l.ha-1). The second factor included nitrogen fertilizer at 3 levels: 0, 50 kg.ha-1 and 100 kg/ha.
Results and Discussion: The results of the average comparison showed that the highest seed yield was obtained in the treatment of 50 kg of nitrogen per hectare and the consumption of 0.9 liters per hectare of haloxyfop in the amount of 2506.3 kg per hectare, which is compared to the lowest amount in the treatment of no nitrogen consumption and no consumption. Herbicide increased by 68%. There was no significant difference between 50 kg of nitrogen per hectare and the use of 0.9 liters per hectare of haloxyfop with the treatment of 50 kg of nitrogen per hectare and the use of 1.5 or 2 liters per hectare of treflan. There was no significant difference between the superior treatment with the treatment of 50 kg of nitrogen per hectare and the consumption of 0.6 liters per hectare of haloxyfop. Also, at all levels of nitrogen fertilizer use, increasing the use of haloxyfop or treflan by 1.2 and 2 liters per hectare, respectively, caused a decrease in this index. Increasing consumption from 50 to 100 kg per hectare caused a decrease in grain yield, which was significant in some treatments. The highest wet weight of weeds was obtained in the treatment of maximum nitrogen fertilizer application and no use of haloxyfop in the amount of 283.7 grams per square meter, which is compared to the lowest value in the treatment of no nitrogen application and the use of 1.5 liters per hectare of Treflan. It increased about 1/4 times. Also, at all levels of nitrogen fertilizer use, increasing the use of haloxyfop or treflan up to 0.9 and 1.5 liters per hectare, respectively, caused a decrease in this index, but in the case of maximum herbicide use; Weed fresh weight decreased. Also, increasing the consumption from 0 to 100 kg per hectare increased the wet weight of weeds.
Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed that with the consumption of 50 kg of nitrogen, the yield can be produced almost equal to the consumption of 100 kg of nitrogen per hectare. Therefore, by reducing the consumption of nitrogen, the harmful environmental effects of this type of fertilizer are also reduced and help to maintain the sustainability of the environment. Also, with regard to the two herbicides, Treflan and Haloxyfop, it is possible to produce a good yield and reduce the weight and density of weeds by consuming 1.5 and 0.9 liters per hectare, respectively. Because there was no significant difference with the treatments of 2 and 1.2 liters per hectare of treflan and haloxyfop. On the other hand, this event also reduces the environmental risks of using herbicides.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Grain yield
Haloxyphop
Treflan
Urea
Weed density
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