ارزیابی خصوصیات کیفی و عملکرد دانه سویا (Glycine max L.) در پاسخ به پیش‌تیمار و محلول‌پاشی عصاره گیاه مرزنجوش (Origanum majorana L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری اگرواکولوژی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

4 گروه مهندسی کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد، گناباد، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی تأثیر عصاره مرزنجوش بر برخی خصوصیات کیفی و عملکرد دانه سویا، آزمایشی در مزرعه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شاهرود به‌صورت فاکتوریل با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار اجرا شد. آزمایش شامل پیش‌تیمار بذری با عصاره مرزنجوش در پنج سطح (عدم پیش‌تیمار، پیش‌تیمار با عصاره 40 و 60 درصد مرزنجوش هر کدام به­مدت زمان‌های 6 و 9 ساعت) به­عنوان عامل اول و محلول‌پاشی با عصاره مرزنجوش در سه سطح (آب خالص، غلظت­های 40 و 60 درصد مرزنجوش) به­عنوان عامل دوم بودند. نتایج نشان داد میزان آنتوسیانین برگ در تیمارهای 40 و 60 درصد محلول­پاشی 11/2 و 6/5 درصد بیشتر از شاهد بود. بالاترین مقادیر تعداد دانه در غلاف و عملکرد دانه، در گیاهانی مشاهده شد که به­مدت زمان 6 ساعت با غلظت‌های 40 و 60 درصد پیش‌تیمار و سپس با غلظت 40 درصد عصاره مرزنجوش محلول‌پاشی شده بودند. پیش‌تیمار با عصاره 40 و 60 درصد به­مدت زمان 9 ساعت، محتوای نسبی آب برگ را حدود 34 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. میزان فلاونوئید برگ در اثر محلو­ل­پاشی با غلظت­های 40 و 60 درصد مرزنجوش به­ترتیب 1/56 و 1/71 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. بر اساس نتایج، محلول­پاشی 40 درصد عصاره مرزنجوش همراه با 6 ساعت پیش­تیمار بذر با عصاره 40 درصد، مناسب­ترین ترکیب تیماری در جهت بهبود خصوصیات کیفی و عملکرد دانه سویا می­باشد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of qualitative characteristics and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) in response to pretreatment and foliar application of marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) extract

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parvaneh Estekhdami 1
  • Mehdi Baradaran Firouz Abadi 2
  • Hassan Makarian 2
  • Abbas Nasiri Dehsorkhi 3
  • Hassan Ghorbani Ghoojdi 4
1 M.Sc. graduate in Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
3 PhD. Student of Agroecology, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
4 Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Gonabad, Gonabad, Iran
چکیده [English]

An experiment was conducted in the research field of Shahroud University as a factorial based on completely randomized blocks in three replications to study the effects of marjoram extract on some qualitative characteristics and grain yield of soybean. The first factor was foliar application of extract in three levels (distilled water spraying, extract spraying of 40 and 60%) and the second factor was marjoram extract in five levels (no pretreatment, pretreatment with extract of 40 and 60% each for 6 and 9 hours). Foliar applications of 40% and 60% marjoram extract increased leaf anthocyanin by 11.2 and 6.5%, respectively, when compared to the control. The highest grain number per pod and grain yield were observed after a 6-hour pre-treatment with concentrations of 40 and 60% extract, followed by a foliar application of 40% extract. Pre-treatment with concentrations of 40% and 60% for 9 hours increased relative water content by 34% when compared to the control. Foliar application of 40 and 60% marjoram extract increased leaf flavonoid content by 1.56 and 1.71%, respectively, when compared to the control. According to the findings, a pre-treatment with a 40% concentration for 6 hours followed by a foliar application of a 40% extract is the best treatment combination for improving the quality characteristics and grain yield of soybean.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anthocyanin
  • Flavonoid
  • Medicinal plants
  • Soluble sugars

مراجع

Alipour, S., Amini Dehaghi, M. and Gholami, Sh. 2019. Allelopathic effect of different weeds extracts on germination and biochemical composition of three varieties of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Journal of Seed Research, 9(3): 68-81. (In Persian).
Amini, R. and Namdarei, T. 2013. Allelopathic effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) aqueous extract on common bean yield and yield components. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 23(1): 129-140. (In Persian).
Andi, S.A., Nazeri, V., Hadian, J. and Zamani, Z. 2012. A comparison of the essential oil chemical composition of Origanum vulgare L. Ssp. vulgare collected in its flowering and seed stages from southern region of Chalus. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 43(2): 153-159. (In Persian).  
Ansar, Z., Baradaran Firouzabadi, M., Galeshi, S., Gholami, A. and Parsaeian, M. 2019. The effect of Origanum vulgare and Thymus vulgaris extract on yield, yield components, and antioxidant enzymes of Sesamum indicum L. under water deficit. Journal of Crops Improvement, 21(2): 149-166. (In Persian).
Ansar, Z., Baradaran Firouzabadi, M., Galeshi, S., Gholami, A. and Parsaeian, M. 2020. Effect of Origanum vulgare and Thymus vulgaris extract spraying on some of growth and quality characteristics of sesame under irrigation levels. Journal of Crop Production, 12(4): 93-110. (In Persian).
Asiaee, F., Cheniany, M. and Lahouti, M. 2020. Comparative allelopathic potential of Eucalyptus globulus leaf aqueous extract and leaf mulch on seedling growth of corn (Zea mays L.) and prosomillet (Panicum miliaceum L.). Journal of Plant Process and Function, 9(35): 377-394. (In Persian).
Bozin, B., Mimica Dukik, N., Simin, N. and Anackov, G. 2006. Characterization of the Volatile composition of essential oils of some lamiaceae spices and the antimicrobial and antioxidant active of the entire oil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54: 1822-1828.  
Daizy, R.B., Lavanya, K., Singh, H.P. and Kohli, R.K. 2007. Phenolic allelochemicals released by Chenopodium murale affect the growth nodulation and macromolecule content in chickpea and pea. Plant Growth Regulation, 51: 119-128.
Farhoudi, R. 2014. Effect of safflower aqueous extracts foliar application on peroxidase enzyme activity and cell membrane leakage of hairy vetech. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 102: 45-53. (In Persian).
Foidle, N., Makkar, H.P.S. and Becker, K. 2001. The potential of Moringa oleifera for agricultural and industrial uses. p. 45-76. In L.J. Fuglie (ed.) The miracle tree: The multipurpose attributes of Moringa. CTA Publications, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistical Database. 2017. FAOSTAT Production Statistics of Crops. Available: http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E.
Foti, S., Cosentino, S., Patane, C. and Agosta, G. 2002. Effects of osmoconditioning upon seed germination of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) under low temperatures. Seed Technology, 30: 521-533.
Hatami Hampa, A., Javanmard, A., Alebrahim, M.T. and sofalian, O. 2018. Allelopathic Effects of aqueous extracts from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens L.) on seedling growth and enzymes activity of wheat, sugar beet, common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed. Journal of Plant Protection, 32(1): 101-119. (In Persian).
Hosseini, Ch., Asghari, M.R. and Khezri, M. 2019. Evaluation of Oregano essential oil effects on quality and biochemical attributes of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L. cv. ‘Takdaneh Mashhad’). Pomology Research, 3(2): 55-69. (In Persian).
Jin, P., Wang, S.Y., Gao, H., Zheng, Y. and Wang, C.Y. 2012. Effect of cultural system and essential oil treatment on antioxidant capacity in raspberries. Food Chemistry, 132: 399-405.
Mahdavikia, F., Saharkhiz, M.J. and Karami, A. 2017. Defensive response phenolic compounds of radish seedlings to the oxidative stress arising from in the extract of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 214: 133-140.
Mansouri, A., Amraie, N. and Omidi, H. 2020. Allopathic effects of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd) residues on electrolyte leakage, biochemical content, antioxidants and photosynthetic pigments of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Plant Process and Function, 9(39): 15-28. (In Persian).
Omidbeigi, R. 1997. Approaches Processing Medicinal Plants. Vol. 2, Trahan Nashr publication, Tehran, Iran 196 pp. (In Persian).  
PourGhasemian, N., Shamsoddin Saied, M. and Ilkhani, N. 2019. The Effect of medicinal plant extracts on some growth parameters and biochemical indices of sesame (Sesamum indicum). Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Research, 5(4): 71-85. (In Persian).
Rady, M.M., Bhavya Varma, C. and Howladar, S.M. 2013. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings overcome NaCl stress as a result of presoaking in Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Scientia Horticulture, 162: 63–70.
Rostami Ajirloo, A.A. and Amiri, E. 2018. Soybean response to different levels of nano-potassium under cutting irrigation conditions in Mugan Plain. Crops Improvement, 20(2): 503-516. (In Persian).  
Saraei, R., Lahouti, M. and Ganjeali, A. 2012. Evaluation of allelopathic effects of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globules Labill.) on germination, morphological and biochemical criteria of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and flixweed (Descurainia Sophia L.). Journal of Agroecology, 4(3): 215-222. (In Persian).
Sellamuthua, P.S., Sivakumara, D., Soundy, P. and Korsten, L. 2013. Essential oil vapors suppress the development of anthracnose and enhance defense related and antioxidant enzyme activities in avocado fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 81: 66-72.
Semidaa, W.M. and Rady, M.M. 2014. Presoaking application of propolis and maize grain extracts alleviates salinity stress in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Scientia Horticulture, 168: 210-217.
Shabana, M.H., Balbaa, L.K. and Talaat, I.M. 2017. Effect of foliar applications of zingiber officinale extracts on Origanum majorana. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 23(2): 89-97.
Tajkarimi, M.M., Ibrahim, S.A. and Cliver, D.O. 2010. Antimicrobial herb and spice compounds in Food. Food Control, 21: 1199-1218.
Vakili Shahrbabaki, M.A. 2008. Identification of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Islamic Azad University of Jiroft. 3: 89. (In Persian).
Yadegari, M. 2015. Foliar application of micronutrients on essential oils of borage, thyme and marigold. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 15(4): 949-964.
Yasmeen, A., Basra, S.M.A., Ahmad, R. and Wahid, A. 2012. Performance of late sown wheat in response to foliar application of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extract. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 72(1): 92-97.
 

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 03 اردیبهشت 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 05 اردیبهشت 1400

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار