نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Introduction: Climate change has become one of the biggest environmental challenges facing the world, disrupting the growth and development of plants. The phenomenon of dust has emerged as a serious threat in recent years. With increasing global temperatures, decreasing rainfall, increased evaporation and transpiration, and excessive and improper water use in many human activities, the number of arid and semi-arid areas worldwide has increased. This phenomenon causes enormous damage to farms, the environment, facilities, and people's lives every year, increases evaporation, and causes drying of the upper soil layer, destruction of agricultural lands, expansion of deserts, and pollution of surface water resources. In recent years, the ability of salicylic acid to provide a protective effect in plants under abiotic stresses has been investigated. Salicylic acid is recognized as a promising molecule for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in plants, owing to its ability to improve the antioxidant defense system and promote root development. Durum wheat is recognized as one of the most important crops in the cereal family, with an annual global production of approximately 40 million tons. The cultivation and planting of suitable varieties, adequate planting density, and sufficient plant nutrition are among the recommended practices for achieving maximum grain yield and quality in durum wheat.
Materials and Methods: An experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Ilam University as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications to investigate the effect of foliar spraying with salicylic acid on modulating the impact of dust on durum wheat. The experimental factors included wheat cultivars (four genotypes), dust at five levels (control, once, twice, three times, and four times), and salicylic acid treatment at three levels (0, 50, and 100 ppm).
Results: The results showed that the highest spike length was obtained in genotype TRI 10519 with 100 ppm salicylic acid application and three times of dust stress (9.8 cm), and the lowest was obtained in genotype TRI 11020 with three times of dust stress and 50 ppm salicylic acid application (4.3 cm). Based on the mean comparison results, the maximum plant height was recorded in genotype TRI 10519 treated with 50 ppm salicylic acid under three dust stress events, reaching 138 cm. Statistically, this treatment did not differ significantly from TRI 14231 treated with 100 ppm salicylic acid under non-stress conditions, nor from TRI 14246 treated with 50 ppm salicylic acid under four dust contamination events. The minimum plant height (91 cm) was observed in genotype TRI 10519 treated with 50 ppm salicylic acid under one dust stress event. The highest relative leaf water content was observed in genotype TRI 14231 and 100 ppm salicylic acid application and three times of dust stress (96.3 percent), and the lowest was observed in genotype TRI 10519 without dust stress and salicylic acid application (31.31 percent). Also, the highest amount of carotenoids was obtained in TRI 11020, with no salicylic acid application and no dust stress (2.9 mg/g wet weight), and the lowest amount was obtained in TRI 14231, with no dust stress and 100 ppm salicylic acid application (0.5 mg/g wet weight).
Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the importance of balance and interaction between genotype, salicylic acid, and environmental factors, such as dust, in regulating plant growth. In general, and according to the results obtained from the present study, it can be said that to get the highest internode length and flag leaf length under dust stress conditions, the TRI 14246 genotype and the application of salicylic acid are recommended, and to obtain the highest amount of carotenoid pigments and chlorophyll a and b under dust stress conditions, the TRI 11020 genotype and the application of salicylic acid, as well as the highest bract length, relative leaf water content, and proline under dust stress conditions, the TRI 14231 genotype is recommended.
کلیدواژهها English
