اثر کاربرد تلفیقی مایکوریزا با ورمی‌کمپوست و کودهای شیمیایی بر تولید ریشه و بذر شیرین‌بیان و کارایی زراعی کوددهی

شهداد نژاد, محدثه; خواجویی نژاد, غلامرضا; محمدی نژاد, قاسم; قنبری, جلال

doi:10.22034/csrar.2025.483807.1443

اثر کاربرد تلفیقی مایکوریزا با ورمی‌کمپوست و کودهای شیمیایی بر تولید ریشه و بذر شیرین‌بیان و کارایی زراعی کوددهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

محدثه شهداد نژاد ¹

غلامرضا خواجویی نژاد ²

قاسم محمدی نژاد ²

جلال قنبری ³

¹ دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

² الف) گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران ب) پژوهشکده فناوری تولیدات گیاهی، پژوهشگاه افضلی‌پور، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، ایران

³ الف) پژوهشکده فناوری تولیدات گیاهی، پژوهشگاه افضلی‌پور، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، ایران ب) موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران

10.22034/csrar.2025.483807.1443

چکیده

اثر تلقیح با مایکوریزا در شرایط کاهش کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی و آلی بر تولید ریشه و کارایی زراعی کوددهی، اجزای عملکرد و عملکرد بذر شیرین‌بیان (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) طی دو سال زراعی 01-1400 و 02-1401 بررسی شد. تیمارهای مورد ارزیابی شامل 1) شاهد؛ 2) تلقیح با مایکوریزا؛ 3) 100 درصد ورمی‌کمپوست (8 تن در هکتار)؛ 4) 50 درصد ورمی‌کمپوست؛ 5) 50 درصد ورمیکمپوست + مایکوریزا؛ 6) 100 درصد کود شیمیایی؛ 7) 50 درصد کود شیمیایی و 8) 50 درصد کود شیمیایی + مایکوریزا بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد ریشه از تیمار 50 درصد ورمیکمپوست + مایکوریزا حاصل شد که با تیمارهای 100 درصد ورمی‌کمپوست، 100 درصد کود شیمیایی و 50 درصد کود شیمیایی تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان نداد اما نسبت به شاهد 42/5 درصد و نسبت به تیمار 50 درصد ورمیکمپوست، 40 درصد عملکرد ریشه را بهبود داد که منجر به افزایش کارایی زراعی این تیمار در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها شد. همچنین بیشترین عملکرد بذر از تیمار 100 درصد ورمیکمپوست حاصل شد که حاصل افزایش قابل توجه در تعداد غلاف و بذر در واحد سطح بود. کاهش کوددهی منجر به کاهش معنی‌دار عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد بذر شد. همچنین، تلقیح مایکوریزا به‌تنهایی، از کارایی لازم برای بهبود عملکرد ریشه و بذر برخوردار نبود. میتوان اینگونه نتیجه گرفت که برای تولید ریشه، تلقیح با مایکوریزا در شرایط 50 درصد میزان کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست (4 تن در هکتار) و برای تولید بذر، کاربرد مقادیر بالای ورمی‌کمپوست (8 تن در هکتار) ممکن است راهبردهای مناسبی برای مدیریت تغذیه شیرین‌بیان باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اجزای عملکرد بذر

کارایی تلقیح مایکوریزا

کارایی مصرف نهاده

مدیریت تلفیقی تغذیه

عنوان مقاله English

The effect of the combined application of mycorrhiza with vermicompost and chemical fertilizers on licorice root and seed production and agronomic efficiency of fertilization

نویسندگان English

Mohadeseh Shahdadnejad ¹

Gholamreza Khajoei -Nejad ²

Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad ²

Jalal Ghanbari ³

¹ M.Sc. Student in Crop Ecology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

² a) Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran b) Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Afzalipour Research Institute, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran

³ a) Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Afzalipour Research Institute, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran b) Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI), Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran

چکیده English

Introduction: Soil microorganisms are crucial in mobilizing soil nutrients and nutrient uptake by plants. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), Fabaceae family, has been used as an important medicine since ancient times for numerous medicinal purposes. This plant is naturally found in arid and semi-arid areas around the world. In such environments, licorice roots are colonized by several types of microorganisms, including diverse rhizobia, other soil bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, actinomycetes, and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). AMF are amongst the most important beneficial soil microorganisms for plant growth due to the formation of symbiotic relationships with plant roots, improving nutrient uptake and use efficiency. In licorice, the improvement of root performance has been reported with the application of fertilizer resources and mycorrhizal inoculation. Integrated nutrient resources can lead to synergistic effects in improving plant production and increasing productivity. Nevertheless, increasing the agronomic efficiency of different fertilizers is one of the most important challenges of agriculture.
Dealing with the improvement of seed production as a by-product, in addition to improving productivity, provides a propagating material that can greatly reduce the pressure on natural resources. So far, the sustainable production of licorice seeds has not been studied. Most studies have focused on root production and its quality characteristics. Therefore, this study was conducted to improve licorice root and seed production, as well as improve the agronomic efficiency of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers.
Materials and Methods: The present study investigated the integrated effect of inoculation with mycorrhiza on the diminished quantities of chemical and organic fertilizers on root production and agronomic efficiency of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost, yield components and seed yield of licorice. The experiment was conducted during two cropping seasons of 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. The evaluated treatments were included: 1) control (without fertilizer application and inoculation with mycorrhiza); 2) inoculation with mycorrhiza (AM); 3) Vermicompost (V₁₀₀): 100% recommended rate (8 t ha^-1); 4) 50% vermicompost (V₅₀); 5) 50% vermicompost + mycorrhiza (V₅₀+AM); 6) Chemical fertilizer (CF₁₀₀): 100% of recommended rate; 7) 50% chemical fertilizer (CF₅₀); 8) 50% chemical fertilizer + mycorrhiza (CF₅₀+AM).
Results and Discussion: The results showed that the highest root yield was obtained from 50% vermicompost and mycorrhiza inoculation (V₅₀+AM), which showed no significant difference with V₁₀₀, CF₁₀₀, and CF₅₀ treatments. Meanwhile, the application of V₅₀+AM treatment improved the root yield up to 42.5% compared to the control and 40% compared to V₅₀. This led to an increase in the agronomic efficiency of the V₅₀+AM treatment compared to other treatments. Integrated AM-inoculation and chemical fertilizers (CF₅₀+AM) did not show a significant difference from CF₅₀. Also, the results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation alone (AM) did not show the efficiency to improve root yield compared to the control, and reduced the mycorrhizal inoculation effect compared to integrated application with fertilizer sources. The results also showed that the highest seed yield was obtained from the application of V

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Input use efficiency

Integrated nutrient managemment

Mycorrhizal inoculation effect

Seed yield components

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