تحقیقات علوم زراعی در مناطق خشک

تحقیقات علوم زراعی در مناطق خشک

بررسی تاثیر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک گندم دوروم بر عملکرد تحت شرایط دیم با استفاده از روش‌های آماری چند متغیره

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه کشاورزی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران
چکیده
خشکی باعث تغییرات متعدد فیزیولوژیک و کاهش قابل‌توجه پارامترهای رشد گیاه و عملکرد گندم شده و ساختار ارتباط بین پارامترهای فیزیولوژیک، رشدی و عملکردی نسبت به شرایط نرمال را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد. به‌منظور بررسی ارتباط بین خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک با عملکرد دانه گندم دوروم تحت شرایط دیم، تعداد 10 ژنوتیپ در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در طی سال‌های زراعی 1397-1396 و 1398-1397 در شهرستان کوهدشت با شرایط آب و هوایی نیمه گرمسیری ارزیابی شد. بر اساس داده‌های مرکب از دو سال آزمایش، همبستگی فنوتیپی صفات نشان داد که تمام خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک با عملکرد همبستگی مثبت داشتند. همبستگی سه صفت کلروفیلa، کلروفیل کل و شاخص سبزینگی با عملکرد دانه در سطح پنج درصد معنی‌دار بود. بر اساس تجزیه به‌مؤلفه‌های اصلی صفات شاخص سبزینگی و محتوای آب نسبی برگ بیشترین ارتباط را با عملکرد دانه داشتند. با توجه به تجزیه علیت دو صفت کارایی مصرف ‌نور و کلروفیل کل، به ترتیب با میزان اثرات مستقیم 1/392 و 0/772 دارای بیشترین تأثیر مثبت بر عملکرد دانه بودند و صفات پروتئین برگ و کلروفیل b به ترتیب با میزان اثرات مستقیم 0/646- و 0/884- بیشترین تأثیر منفی بر عملکرد دانه داشتند. رنگ‌دانه‌های فتوسنتزی نیز از طریق دو صفت کلروفیل کل و کارایی مصرف نور، سبب افزایش عملکرد شدند. شاخص سبزینگی، پروتئین برگ و محتوای آب نسبی برگ نیز با بالا بردن کارایی مصرف نور موجب افزایش عملکرد شدند. بر این اساس گزینش بر اساس صفات کلروفیل کل و کارایی مصرف ‌نور در شرایط دیم به‌منظور بهبود عملکرد در برنامه‌های اصلاحی توصیه می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the effect of physiological characteristics of durum wheat on yield under rainfed conditions using multivariate statistical methods

نویسندگان English

Hoshang Rahmati 1
Ali Nakhzari Moghadam 2
1 Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Technical and Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Drought is one of the most important limiting factors for wheat production in the world and it affects the plant from different aspects. Drought stress causes many physiological changes, including changes in relative water content, vegetation index and photosynthetic efficiency of wheat, which ultimately causes a significant reduction in plant growth parameters and grain yield. Basically, the response of plants to drought stress is complex; because it is a combination of the effect of stress, plant reactions to stress, time, intensity, and duration of stress occurrence in different years and places, and therefore the amount of damage also varies greatly depending on the growth stage of the plant at the time of stress occurrence. The most damage caused by drought stress in Iran is in the stage of wheat grain filling. Durum wheat (Triticum durum, Desf) is an important food product with heavy gluten and non-sticky dough, ideal for making pasta and spaghetti.
Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the relationship between physiological characteristics and grain yield in durum wheat cultivars under rainfed conditions, 10 durum wheat genotypes were studied in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications during the cropping years of 2017 - 2018 and 2018 - 2019, in Kohdasht city of Lorestan province was evaluated. Seed yield traits and physiological characteristics of photosynthetic pigments, vegetation index, relative water content, leaf protein and light use efficiency were investigated.
Results and Discussion: The phenotypic correlation of the traits showed that all the physiological traits had a positive relationship with the yield, and among the eight investigated traits, the relationship between the chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and vegetation index with grain yield was significant at the 5% level, but the other five traits had a non-significant relationship. Based on Principle components analysis for traits among genotypes, two components were extracted that explained 83.2% of the variance. According to the distribution diagram of traits based on two components, it was observed that vegetation index and relative leaf water content had the most relationship with seed yield. According to the path analysis, it was observed that the two traits of light use efficiency and total chlorophyll had the highest positive effect on grain yield with direct effects of 1.392 and 0.772, respectively, and leaf protein and chlorophyll b with the effects of direct -0.646 and -0.884 had the most negative effect on grain yield. On the other hand, it was observed that chlorophyll-a and carotenoids had a positive indirect effect on yield through the two traits of total chlorophyll and light use efficiency, and relative leaf water content and vegetation index also had a positive indirect effect on grain yield through light use efficiency. And finally, all traits except the vegetation index had a negative indirect effect on yield through chlorophyll-b.
Conclusion: In general, it can be stated that all the physiological characteristics investigated under rainfed conditions were directly or indirectly effective on the yield of durum wheat, and among these traits, total chlorophyll and light use efficiency directly had the most positive effect on the seed yield. Photosynthetic pigments also increased seed yield through total chlorophyll and light use efficiency. The vegetation index, leaf protein and relative water content of leaves also increased the seed yield by increasing the efficiency of light use. All the traits, except the vegetation index, increased the yield through a negative indirect effect on chlorophyll b. Based on this, it is recommended that in breeding programs, in order to improve yield under dryland conditions, selection be made based on two characteristics: total chlorophyll and light use efficiency to increase yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Path analysis
Plant physiology
Seed yield
Water stress
Wheat
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  • تاریخ دریافت 18 مرداد 1403
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