تحقیقات علوم زراعی در مناطق خشک

تحقیقات علوم زراعی در مناطق خشک

تأثیر مصرف نانوسیلیکون و نانواکسید روی بر عملکرد کمی، کیفی و کارایی مصرف آب و روی در سویا (Glycine max L) تحت رژیم‌های آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری آگروتکنولوژی، گروه آگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ایلام، ایلام، ایران
2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران
3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
چکیده
به­نظر می­رسد بهره­گیری از نانوکودها در اقلیم­های خشک مانند ایران بتواند اثر مضر تنش خشکی بر گیاهان را کاهش دهد. لذا آزمایشی طی دو سال زراعی به صورت اسپلیت پلات- فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 4 تکرار در شهرستان ملکشاهی در استان ایلام در سال­های زراعی 99-1398 و 1400-1399 اجرا شد. عامل اصلی شامل رژیم‌های آبیاری در سه سطح بدون تنش (شاهد)، آبیاری بر اساس50 و 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی مزرعه بود. ترکیب تیمارهای نانواکسید روی در سه سطح (صفر (شاهد)، 0/75 و 1/5 گرم بر لیتر) و نانوسیلیکون نیز در سه سطح (صفر (شاهد)، 0/8 و 1/6 گرم بر لیتر) بصورت فاکتوریل به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شد که به صورت محلول­پاشی مصرف شدند. نتایج نشان داد که در سطوح تنش خشکی 75 و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی، مصرف نانواکسید روی موجب افزایش این عملکرد دانه به ترتیب به مقدار 28 و 22 درصدی نسبت به تمیار عدم مصرف شد. در خصوص اثر اصلی نانوسیلیکون؛ با مصرف 6/1 گرم در لیتر نانوسیلیکون، عملکرد دانه به مقدار 3253 کیلوگرم در هکتار حاصل شد که نسبت به تیمار عدم مصرف معادل 28 درصد افزایش داشت. بطور کلی نتایج نشان داد که با استفاده از 1/6 گرم در لیتر نانوسیلیکون یا مصرف 5/1 گرم بر لیتر نانواکسید روی در گیاه سویا، می‌توان به­طور مؤثری عملکرد دانه را به­طور معنی­داری افزایش داد. استفاده از نانوسیلیکون و نانواکسید روی در گیاه سویا، همچنین افزایش مقدار روغن و پروتئین این گیاه را حاصل شد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The effect of nanosilicon and zinc nanooxide on the quantitative, qualitative, and water and zinc use efficiency of soybeans (Glycine max L.) under irrigation regimes

نویسندگان English

Heshmatollah Azizi 1
Abbas Maleki 2
Mohammad Mirzaei Heydari 3
Farzad Babaei 2
Ali Hatami 2
1 Ph.D Student, Department of Agrotechnology, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Ilam Branch, Ilam, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, IL.C, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran
3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Soybean (Glycine max L.) is rich in nutrients and has vegetable proteins, dietary fiber, and minerals such as calcium, and its saturated fat content is also low. Soybean oil is one of the most important vegetable of the area arable land under cultivation in the world, among oil plants, soybean is in the first place. Recently, the use of nano-fertilizers in agriculture has expanded a lot in the world. On the other hand, it seems that the use of zinc nanosulfate or nanosilicon in arid and semi-arid climates like Iran can reduce the harmful effects of drought stress on plants.
Materials and Methods: Therefore, an experiment was carried out during two crop years in the form of a split-factorial design in the form of a basic randomized complete block design with 4 replications in Malekshahi city located in Ilam province (Iran) in crop years 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. The main factor included irrigation regimes in three levels without stress (control), irrigation based on 50% of the agricultural capacity of the field and irrigation based on 75% of the agricultural capacity of the field. The combination of nano zinc oxide treatments at three levels (zero (control), 0.75 and 1.5
g.L-1) and nanosilicon at three levels (zero (control), 0.8 and 1.6 g.L-1) in factorial form were placed in the secondary cards. Processing and classification of the extracted information was done using Excel software and data analysis was done using SAS version 9 software. Making comparisons with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) method at the 5% level. In this study, composite analysis method was used for analysis. To ensure the uniformity of the variances in order to integrate the data, Bartlett's test was performed, and the results indicated the absence of data and the necessary provision for integration.
Results and Discussion: The results regarding the mutual effect of drought stress and zinc sulfate showed that the highest seed yield was obtained in the treatment of no drought stress (100% crop capacity) and the consumption of 1.5 g.L-1 nano zinc sulfate in the amount of 3452.2 kg.ha-1. At drought stress levels of 75 and 50% of the agricultural capacity, the consumption of zinc sulfate increased this index. With the use of 1.6 g.L-1 of nanosilicon, the grain yield was 3253.9 kg.ha-1, which was 28% higher than the non-use treatment. Seed oil was used to treat the lack of drought stress, and consumption of 1.6 grams per liter of nano silicon was obtained in the amount of 58.6%. In the drought stress of 50% of the agricultural capacity, the use of nitrogen fertilizer and, especially 0.8 grams per liter of nano silicon increased this index. The results regarding the mutual effect of drought stress and zinc sulfate showed that the highest water use efficiency was achieved in the treatment of severe drought stress and the consumption of 1.5 g.L-1 nano zinc sulfate in the amount of 1.78 kg.m-3. The lowest amount was obtained in the treatment of normal irrigation and no use of zinc sulfate. In the drought stress levels of 75 and 50% of the agricultural capacity, the consumption of zinc sulfate increased this index. The results regarding the mutual effect of nano silicon fertilizer and zinc sulfate showed that highest efficiency of irrigation water consumption was in the treatment of using 1.6 g.L-1 of nano silicon fertilizer. The lowest value was obtained in the treatment of not using nano silicon and zinc sulfate. With the increase in the use of nano silicon fertilizer, the response to zinc sulfate also increased.
Conclusion: In general, the results showed that by using nanosilicon and nanozinc oxide in soybeans, it is possible to effectively increase the grain yield and increase the amount of oil and protein. Probably, nanosilicon and zinc nanooxide increase the activity of enzymes effective in oil and protein synthesis in soybean plant. These nanomaterials activate hormonal regulators of plant growth and improve factors such as better absorption of nutrients and reduced water evaporation, all of which help increase seed yield and increase the amount of oil and protein in the soybean plant. In summary, the use of nanosilicon and zinc nanosulfate in soybeans brings a significant improvement in seed yield and increases the amount of oil and protein of this plant. These results can be used to improve the production and quality of soybean-based products.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Dehydration
Nanotechnology
Protein
Seed oil
Seed yield
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  • تاریخ دریافت 19 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 22 دی 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 24 دی 1402