تحقیقات علوم زراعی در مناطق خشک

تحقیقات علوم زراعی در مناطق خشک

مقایسه اثر کلات‌های رایج و نانوذره آهن و روی بر عملکرد و اجزاء آن در ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته فوق لیسانس آگروتکنولوژی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
چکیده
یکی از دلایل اصلی پایین بودن عملکرد گیاهان زراعی در اغلب زمین­های زراعی ایران، کمبود عناصر ریزمغذی فلزی مانند آهن و روی می­باشد. لذا این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر کودهای رایج و نانوذره آهن و روی بر خصوصیات زراعی ذرت پاپکورن رقم سینگل کراس 600، به صورت طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال 1400 در دانشگاه رازی اجرا شد. در هر بلوک کودهای آهن و روی رایج و نانوذره با غلظت­های صفر، 4 و 8 گرم در لیتر و اثر متقابل آن­ها بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که غلظت­ها و گروه­های کودی به غیر از وزن هزاردانه، سبب افزایش معنی­دار عملکرد دانه، عملکرد علوفه و دیگر صفت­های مورد بررسی نسبت به تیمار شاهد شدند. بیش­ترین افزایش عملکرد دانه نسبت به تیمار شاهد (3590 کیلوگرم در هکتار) مربوط به دو گروه تیمارآهن رایج و آهن نانوذره×روی نانوذره با 81 درصد بود. تیمار آهن نانوذره8×روی نانوذره4 سبب بیش­ترین افزایش معنی­دار عملکرد دانه (132 درصد) نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. تعداد دانه در بوته بیش­تر از صفت وزن هزار دانه تحت تأثیر تیمارهای کودی قرار گرفت. تشابه فراوان خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک­های مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک و افزایش 132 درصدی عملکرد دانه در آزمایش حاضر، نشان­دهنده کمبود معنی­دار فرم قابل جذب عناصر آهن و روی و نقش بسیار مهم آن­ها در شکل­گیری عملکرد دانه ذرت در مناطق مشابه می­باشد. در این شرایط کارایی فرم نانوذره عناصر ریزمغذی آهن و روی از فرم رایج آن­ها نیز بیش­تر بود.    
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Comparison of the effect of common and nanoparticle chelates of iron and zinc on yield and its components in corn

نویسندگان English

Hayedeh Naserizadeh 1
Mohsen Saeidi 2
Hamidreza Chaghazardi 2
1 M.Sc Graduate in Agrotechnology, Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Plant Production and Genetic Engineering Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Despite the high importance of corn seeds in various uses like green cobs, baby cobs, sweet corn, and popcorn, the production of oil, starch, dextrose, and syrup, less than ten percent of corn grains consumed in the country is supplied through domestic production. Deficiencies in the absorbable form of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) exist in most agricultural lands worldwide. This deficiency severely reduces the quantity and quality of crop yields such as maize. Lack of micronutrients in most agricultural soils of arid and semi-arid regions, such as most farming regions of Iran, is due to low absorbable form of micronutrients, imbalance with NPK fertilizers, high pH and low percentage of organic matters in soil and high bicarbonate content in irrigation water. By eliminating the lack of micronutrients through foliar spraying, it is possible to increase the grain yield of agricultural plants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of traditional and nanoparticle forms of iron and zinc on some single cross-600 popcorn agronomic traits.
Materials and Methods: This research was conducted as a completely randomized block design with three replications in the research farm of Razi University, located in Kermanshah city at 1319 meters above sea level in the crop year 2019-2020. This research investigated popcorn (single cross 600) with maternal line K1533 and paternal line ZK4722AA. In each block, there are 13 foliar treatments, including traditional and nanoparticle forms of iron and zinc (zero, 4, and 8 g lit-1) and combined nanoparticle treatments of iron4 × zinc4, iron4 × zinc8, iron8 × zinc4, and iron8× zinc8. The foliar spraying treatments were applied twice at the beginning of vegetative growth and the beginning of flowering. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by SAS, and means Fisher’s Protected method (LSD 5%) was used for mean separation.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that all fertilizer concentrations and fertilizer groups (traditional iron, nanoparticle iron, traditional zinc, nanoparticle zinc, and combined forms) caused a significant increase in grain yield, dry forage yield, harvest index, the number of cobs per plant, the number of seeds in cobs and the number of rows in cob compared to the control treatment. However, they had no significant effect on the weight of 1000 seeds. The highest increase in grain yield compared to the control treatment (3590 kg ha-1) was related to the two treatment groups of traditional iron and nanoparticle iron×nanoparticle zinc with 81%. The treatment of iron nanoparticle8×zinc nanoparticle4 caused the most significant increase in grain yield (132%) compared to the control treatment. The number of seeds per plant was affected by fertilizer treatments more than the trait of the 1000 seed weight. The 1000 seed weight is probably controlled under the influence of genetic factors. It seems that the foliar application of micronutrients by eliminating their deficiency and their nutritional effect probably increases the balance in the growth and regulation of plant development processes and ultimately causes a significant increase in grain yield. Different concentrations of iron and zinc nanoparticle fertilizers were significantly more effective in increasing grain yield than different concentrations of iron and zinc common fertilizers. This result may be due to the characteristics of shape, size, distribution, and nanoparticle fertilizers compared to common fertilizers.
Conclusion: The significant increase in grain yield under the influence of foliar spraying treatments indicated a significant lack of absorbable forms of iron and zinc elements and their critical role in the formation of corn grain yield in similar areas (arid and semiarid regions). Nanoparticle forms of iron and zinc fertilizers increase grain yield more effectively than traditional forms.     

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Dry forage yield
Plant height
Single-cross
Stem diameter
The 1000 seed weight
The number of seeds in row
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  • تاریخ دریافت 16 مرداد 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 21 مهر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 22 مهر 1402