تحقیقات علوم زراعی در مناطق خشک

تحقیقات علوم زراعی در مناطق خشک

ارزیابی رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ماش (Vigna radiate L.) در پاسخ به کاربرد اسید هیومیک و قطع آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته دکتری گروه ژنتیک و تولید گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
2 گروه ژنتیک و تولید گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران غرب، ایران
چکیده
به منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف اسید هیومیک بر عملکرد ماش در شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه‌ای واقع در استان فارس شهرستان فیروزآباد، در سال زراعی 1400-1399 اجرا گردید. عامل اصلی شامل سه سطح تنش خشکی: آبیاری کامل (بدون قطع آبیاری یا بدون تنش خشکی)، تنش آبیاری (یک نوبت قطع آبیاری) در مرحله گل‌دهی و تنش آبیاری (یک نوبت قطع آبیاری) در مرحله پر شدن دانه و عامل فرعی شامل اسید هیومیک به‌ صورت خاک کاربرد در چهار سطح (صفر، 2، 4 و 6 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a و وزن هزار دانه در شرایط آبیاری کامل و کاربرد 4 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید هیومیک حاصل شد که به ترتیب نسبت به تیمار شاهد 39/65 و 35/77 درصد افزایش نشان داد. مصرف اسید هیومیک به مقدار 4 کیلوگرم در هکتار، باعث افزایش معنی‌دار تعداد شاخه فرعی، طول غلاف و تعداد برگ به ترتیب به میزان 34، 18 و 14 درصد گردید. کاربرد 6 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید هیومیک در تیمار تنش در مرحله گل‌دهی باعث افزایش 45/26 درصدی میزان پروتئین و در تیمار تنش در مرحله پر شدن دانه باعث افزایش 48/85 درصدی میزان پرولین نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش حاضر، کاربرد اسید هیومیک می‌تواند اثرات منفی ناشی از تنش کم‌آبی را کاهش داده و افزایش عملکرد ماش را به همراه داشته باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation of photosynthetic pigments, yield and yield components of mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) in response to humic acid application and irrigation interruption

نویسندگان English

Amene Haqshenas 1
Khosro Azizi 2
Nasser Bakhtiari 3
Saeed Heydari 2
1 Ph.D Graduated of Department of Plant Production and Genetic, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2 Department of Plant Production and Genetic, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
3 M.Sc Student of Department of Environment, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran West Branch, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: The mung bean (Vigna radiate L. Wilczek) is one of the most important pulse crops in the world. It is a protein rich staple food and contains about 25 percent protein. Producing higher potential yield in comparison with other crops, is one of the greatest features of the mung bean crop. The use of organic fertilizers, including humic acid, without damaging the environment, may be effective for increasing yield. Humic acid is a natural organic polymer compound that is formed as a result of the decay of soil organic matter, peat, lignin, etc., which may be used to increase the product and its quality. One of the important benefits of humic acid is the chelation of various nutrients such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, calcium, iron, copper, etc. Water deficit by affecting on vegetative and reproductive growth period and balance between them will change yield and product quality. Humic substances play a vital role in soil fertility and plant nutrition. Plants grown on soils which contain adequate humic acid are less subject to stress, are healthier, produce higher yields; and the nutritional quality of harvested foods and feeds are superior. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of humic acid on yield and yield components of mung bean under drought stress conditions.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as split plot design with randomized complete block design with three replications in a field located in Firouzabad city during. Experimental treatments included water deficit stress as the main factor in three levels: control (normal irrigation), cutting irrigation at flowering stage and cutting irrigation at seed filling stage) and sub factor including use of humic acid at four levels (0, 2, 4, 6 kg / ha). The studied traits were: plant height, number of branches, number of lateral-secondary branches, number of leaves, leaf area index, pod length, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, thousand seed weight, biological yield, seed yield, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid), proline and seed protein. The collected data were analyzed using SAS software and means were compared with LSD test at the 5% level of probability.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that the highest amount of chlorophyll a and 1000 seed weight was obtained in the conditions of full irrigation and the application of 4 kg/ha of humic acid, which showed an increase of 39.65 and 35.77% respectively compared to the control treatment. The use of humic acid in the amount of 4 kg per hectare caused a significant increase in the number of sub-branches, sheath length and number of leaves by 34, 18 and 14%, respectively. The application of 6 kg/ha of humic acid in the stress treatment at the flowering stage increased the amount of protein by 26.45% and in the stress treatment at the seed filling stage, the amount of proline increased by 48.85% compared to the control treatment. Also, the application of 4 kg/ha of humic acid in non-stress conditions increased the grain yield by 13.01% compared to the control treatment. Based on the results of the present study, the application of humic acid can reduce the negative effects of water stress and increase mung bean yield.
Conclusion: In general, the results of the present study showed that drought stress in the stages of flowering and seed filling caused a significant decrease in yield and yield components in mung bean plant. Among the levels of drought stress, stress caused more damage to the plant in the flowering stage than in the seed filling stage. The use of humic acid under stress conditions increased the amount of proline and mung bean protein compared to the control treatment (no use of humic acid). Also, the application of all levels of humic acid compared to the control (no use of humic acid) increased chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, so that the highest amount of the mentioned traits was observed in the condition of full irrigation and the application of humic acid at the rate of 4 kg per hectare. The application of humic acid had a positive effect on the investigated traits and among the consumption levels, the application of 4 kg/ha was more effective. In general, it can be stated that with the use of humic acid, the negative effects caused by drought stress can be reduced to a great extent, which can ultimately improve the growth and increase the yield and yield components of the plant. According to the results of this research, it can be said that in similar conditions of the research site, the application of 4 kg of humic acid per hectare is the most appropriate treatment to deal with drought stress and increase yield in mung bean.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Carotenoid
Chlorophyll a
Proline
Protein
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