نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان
2 دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان
3 استاد گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان
4 استادیار گروه آب دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان
5 استاد، گروه آموزشی مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Abstract
Introduction
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most strategic crops for food, feed, and biofuel security worldwide. Drought stress is one of the most destructive environmental stresses that limit crop productivity worldwide. Drought stress causes a wide range of physiological changes and disturbances in metabolic processes. Environmental problems caused by the use of chemical fertilizers, production and consumption costs are significant issues that require methods to increase crop production and improve sufficient food for the world's population. Today, the economic damage and destructive effects of the environment due to the excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture are known worldwide, and it is obvious that a suitable alternative must be found for these fertilizers. Currently, biofertilizers are used as an alternative to chemical fertilizers based on the principles of sustainable agriculture and stress tolerance of plants. Salicylic acid is a plant growth regulator that plays an important role in the plant protection system against biotic and abiotic stresses and can affect many of physiological and biochemical processes.
Materials and Methods
In order to investigate the effect of biological and chemical fertilizers and foliar application of salicylic acid on wheat tolerance to drought stress experiment as a factorial split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design in the 2019-2020 crop year in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Lorestan University in three replications was performed .Main plot includes irrigation levels in two levels A1: without stress (100% of water requirement) and A2: drought stress (50% of water requirement) and sub-plots including fertilizer in five levels including B0: use of 50% chemical fertilizer) nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer(, B1: use of 100% chemical fertilizer, B2: use of nitroxin biofertilizer with 50% chemical fertilizer, B3: use of mycorrhizal with 50% chemical fertilizer, B4: (use of biological fertilizers nitroxin and mycorrhiza with 50% chemical fertilizer, and foliar application treatment at two levels (C1: foliar application with water and C2: foliar application with a concentration of 1 mM salicylic acid).
Results and Discussion
The results showed that drought stress caused a decrease in grain yield, leaf chlorophyll index (SPAD), relative water content, as well as an increase in peroxidase, proline and electrolyte leakage. Combined treatment of biofertilizer nitroxin and mycorrhiza with 50% chemical fertilizer caused an increase of 40.53%, 5.18%, 5.89%, 13.85%, 8.46%, 8.90% respectively in grain yield, leaf chlorophyll index, grain zinc concentration, peroxidase, proline, relative water content of leaf and 6.29 % reduction of electrolyte leakage compared to use of 50% chemical fertilizer. Also, salicylic acid foliar spray treatment caused an increase of 11.45%, 2.82%, 4.32%, 7.46%, 9.19%, 8.02 % in grain yield, leaf chlorophyll index, grain zinc concentration, peroxidase, proline, relative water content of leaf and 18.11 % reduction of electrolyte leakage compared to no foliar spraying of salicylic acid. Combined fertilizer treatment nitroxin and mycorrhiza with 50% chemical fertilizer and salicylic acid could reduce the effect of drought stress on the traits evaluated in this research.
Conclusion
Fertilizer application nitroxin and mycorrhiza with 50% chemical fertilizer and salicylic acid foliar spraying could provide favorable conditions for the growth and better performance of the plant by improving the biochemical characteristics of the plant while increasing the resistance to drought stress conditions. In general, it can be concluded that the application of biological fertilizers nitroxin and mycorrhiza with 50% of chemical fertilizers and foliar spraying of salicylic acid can be an effective and alternative fertilizer to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers in the conditions of drought stress in Khorram Abad in the direction of sustainable agriculture. As a result, this treatment can be recommended to farmers in order to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers in wheat under drought stress conditions.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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