اثر بیوچار و اسید سالیسیلیک بر صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد گیاه دارویی سرخارگل (Echinacea purpurea L.) در شرایط عدم تنش و تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر بیوچار (در سه سطح بدون بیوچار به عنوان شاهد، 20 تن در هکتار و 40 تن در هکتار) و اسید سالیسیلیک (در سه سطح عدم مصرف، 0/5 میلی‌مولار و 1 میلی‌مولار) در دو محیط رطوبتی (عدم ‌تنش و تنش خشکی) آزمایش تجزیه مرکب در دو مکان، بصورت اسپلیت پلات- فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال 1399 انجام شد. صفات مورد ارزیابی شامل کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کارتنوئید، کربوهیدارت‏های محلول، پروتئین کل، فعالیت آنزیم پرولین و عملکرد بیولوژیک بودند. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد بیوچار و اسید سالیسیلیک در هر دو مکان سبب افزایش عملکرد بیولوژیک و میزان کلروفیل a نسبت به شاهد گردیدند. بیشترین افزایش عملکرد بیولوژیک 45/97 و 45/42 درصد به ترتیب در ترکیب تیماری 40 تن بیوچار و عدم محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک و ترکیب تیماری 20 تن بیوچار و محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک 0/5 درصد در شرایط تنش خشکی 75 درصد بود. میزان صفت پرولین در همه ترکیبات تیماری کاهش یافت؛ به جز در ترکیب تیماری عدم ‌تنش خشکی و استفاده از 40 تن بیوچار و محلول‌پاشی 0/5 درصد اسید سالیسیلیک که 25/71 درصد افزایش نشان داد. بیشترین افزایش کارتنوئید (36/66 درصد) در صورت استفاده از 40 تن بیوچار و عدم محلولپاشی اسید سالیسیلیک در شرایط 50 درصد تنش خشکی بدست آمد. هم‌چنین در صورت استفاده از 20 تن بیوچار و محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک یک درصد در شرایط تنش خشکی 50 درصد میزان کارتنوئید 33/33 درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد داشت. استفاده از بیوچار و اسید سالیسیلیک در بهبود اثرهای منفی ناشی از تنش خشکی در گیاه سرخارگل مفید بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of biochar and salicylic acid on physiological traits and yield of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.) under non-stress and drought stress conditions

نویسنده [English]

  • Tahereh Emami
Department for Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.) is a herbaceous, perennial plant in the sunflower family; its essential oil and extract are widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, health, and cosmetic industries; and it has antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, and radical -neutralizing properties. Anti-allergy, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory properties have been ascribed to them. In arid and semiarid regions, a lack of water and inefficient irrigation techniques are the primary factors limiting the development of the agricultural sector. Drought is one of the most influential stresses on crop performance, and it is well known that it affects a number of physiological processes in plants. This investigation sought to determine the impact of biochar and salicylic acid on the physiological traits and yield of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.) under non-stress and drought -stress conditions. 
Materials and Methods: In order to examine the effect of biochar (in three levels without biochar as control, 20 t×ha-1 and 40 t×ha-1) and salicylic acid (in three levels of zero, 0.5 mM and 1 mM) in two humid environments (no stress and drought stress), a factorial experiment in split plot experiment was carried out in Ilam province (two locations) in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in 2020. The evaluated traits included chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, soluble carbohydrates, total protein, proline activity, and biological yield.
Results and Discussion: The results indicate that the highest increase in biological yield was 45.97% and 45.42%, respectively, in the treatment combination of 40 tons of biochar and no salicylic acid foliar spray and the treatment combination of 20 t ha-1 of biochar and 0.5% salicylic acid foliar spray in the condition of 75% drought stress.  Proline content decreased in all treatment compounds; except in the combination of non-drought stress treatment and use of 40 t ha-1 of biochar and 0.5% salicylic acid which increased by 25.71%. The highest increase in carotenoids (36.66%) was obtained if 40 t ha-1 of biochar were used and salicylic acid was not sprayed under 50% drought stress. Also, the results show that by using 20 t ha-1 of biochar and spraying 1% salicylic acid under 50% drought stress, the amount of carotenoids increased by 33.33% compared to the control.
Conclusion: As one of the growth regulators, salicylic acid was used to increase plant tolerance to stresses such as drought. In addition, biochar had a positive impact on the enhancement of several physiological characteristics and echinacea yield. Echinacea purpurea L. appears to benefit from the use of biochar and salicylic acid to mitigate the negative effects of drought stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological yield
  • Carotenoids
  • Chlorophyll
  • Proline
  • Protein
  • Soluble carbohydrates
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