اثر تنش خشکی بر پارامترهای ژنتیکی عملکرد و برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.)

عابدینی اسفهلانی, محمد; فتوت, رضا

doi:10.22034/csrar.2022.319815.1167

اثر تنش خشکی بر پارامترهای ژنتیکی عملکرد و برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان سمنان (شاهرود)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شاهرود، ایران

² گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

10.22034/csrar.2022.319815.1167

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر پارامترهای ژنتیکی عملکرد و برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی آفتابگردان، هیبرید‌های حاصل از تلاقی هشت لاین بازگردان باروری با سه لاین نرعقیم در دو شرایط آبیاری معمول و تنش خشکی به‌صورت آزمایش کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه لاین × تستر نشان داد که در شرایط نرمال اثر لاین‌ها و تسترها از نظر تمام صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار بود. در شرایط تنش اثر لاین در مورد صفات شاخص کلروفیل، سرعت رشد اولیه و ارتفاع بوته و اثر تستر از لحاظ صفات سرعت رشد اولیه، قطر ساقه، ارتفاع بوته و عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار شد. اثر متقابل لاین × تستر فقط در مورد صفت عملکرد دانه در شرایط نرمال معنی‌دار گردید. برآورد اثرات ترکیب‌پذیری عمومی صفات نشان داد که لاین‌های C122 و C123 و تستر A19 در هر دو شرایط دارای بیشترین مقدار مثبت ترکیب‌پذیری عمومی از لحاظ عملکرد دانه بودند و به‌ عنوان والدین مطلوب برای تولید هیبریدهای مناسب در برنامه‌های اصلاحی قابل استفاده می‌باشند. برآورد هتروزیس صفات مورد بررسی نشان داد که بیشترین میزان هتروزیس عملکرد دانه در شرایط نرمال و تنش به ترتیب به میزان 126/6 و 123/9 درصد مربوط به هیبرید A112×C41 بود. از بین صفات مورد بررسی در شرایط نرمال دو صفت قطر ساقه و قطر طبق و در شرایط تنش علاوه بر این دو صفت، صفات سرعت رشد اولیه و ارتفاع بوته هم همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری با عملکرد دانه داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.2423611.1400.3.2.11.2

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of drought stress on genetic parameters of yield and some morphophysiological traits of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

نویسندگان [English]

Mohammad Abedini Esfahlani ¹
Reza Fotovat ²

¹ Field and Horticultural Crops Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Semnan Province (Shahrood), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shahrood, Iran

² Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

چکیده [English]

To study the effect of drought stress on genetic parameters of yield and some morphophysiological traits of sunflower, the hybrids obtained from the cross of eight restorer lines with three sterile male lines and two normal irrigation and drought stress conditions were evaluated in a split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of line × tester analysis showed that under normal conditions, line and tester effects were significant for all studied traits. Under stress conditions, the effect of lines was significant in chlorophyll index, initial growth rate, and plant height and the effects of tester were significant in early growth rate, plant height, stem diameter, and grain yield. Estimation of the effects of general combining ability of traits showed that two lines, C122, C123, and A19 tester had the highest positive combining ability in grain yield and could be used as good parents for producing suitable hybrids in breeding programs. Estimation of heterosis of the studied traits showed that the highest rate of heterosis of grain yield under normal and stress conditions were 126.6% and 123.9%, respectively, for the A112×C41 hybrid. Two traits stem diameter, and head diameter showed a significant correlation with grain yield under normal conditions, while four traits, initial growth rate, plant height, stem diameter, and head diameter, was correlated positively with grain yield under stress conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Combining Ability
Gene Effect
Heritability
Heterosis
Hybrid

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