واکنش اگروفیزیولوژیکی پنبه به محلول‌پاشی تعدیل‌کننده‌های تنش در کشت رایج و تأخیری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد سبزوار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، سبزوار، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد سبزوار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سبزوار، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی واکنش اگروفیزیولوژیکی پنبه به محلول‌پاشی تعدیل‌کننده‌های تنش در کشت رایج و تأخیری آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال زراعی 95-96 و 97-96 انجام شد. فاکتور­های مورد بررسی تاریخ کشت در دو سطح کشت رایج (15 و 20 اردیبهشت، به ترتیب برای سال اول و دوم) و کشت تأخیری (20 و 17 خرداد، به ترتیب برای سال اول و دوم) به عنوان کرت اصلی و نوع تعدیل‌کننده تنش در چهار سطح (شاهد، سالیسیلیک اسید، گلایسین بتائین و سدیم نیتروپروساید) و زمان مصرف تعدیل‌کننده‌های اسمزی در دو سطح (گلدهی و گلدهی+ غوزه‌دهی) به صورت فاکتوریل به عنوان کرت فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که محلول‌پاشی در مرحله گلدهی+ غوزه‌دهی هم در کشت رایج و هم در کشت تأخیری سبب افزایش تعداد شاخه زایشی، تعداد غوزه در بوته، عملکرد وش و عملکرد الیاف شد. بالاترین تعداد غوزه در بوته در کشت رایج با محلول‌پاشی گلایسین بتائین (15/2) و در کشت تأخیری با محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید (8/7) به دست آمد. درحالی‌که در کشت رایج محلول‌پاشی با سالیسیلیک اسید سبب افزایش عملکرد وش (47 درصد) شد اما در کشت تأخیری عملکرد وش واکنشی به نوع تعدیل‌کننده مصرفی نشان نداد. بیشترین عملکرد وش (به ترتیب با مقادیر 1265 و 1537 کیلوگرم در هکتار) هم در مرحله گلدهی و هم در مرحله گلدهی+ غوزه‌دهی با محلول‌پاشی سدیم نیتروپروساید به دست آمد. از نظر عملکرد الیاف و عملکرد بذر در کشت رایج محلول‌پاشی با سدیم نیتروپروساید و در کشت تأخیری محلول‌پاشی با سالیسیلیک اسید نسبت به سایر تعدیل‌کننده‌ها بهتر بود. در مجموع نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که کشت در تاریخ مناسب و محلول‌پاشی با سالیسیلیک اسید در مرحله گلدهی+ غوزه‌دهی مناسب‌ترین تیمار برای به دست آوردن بیشترین عملکرد وش در پنبه در شرایط تنش شوری می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Agrophysiological response of cotton to foliar application of stress modulators in early and delayed planting date

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeynab Borzuyi 1
  • Mohammad Armin 2
  • Hamid Marvi 2
1 PhD. candidate, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the agrophysiological response of cotton to foliar application of stress modulators in different planting date, an experimental was conducted as split-plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017-2018. Factors were: planting date (early (May 15 and 20, for the first and second year, and late (June 20 and 17, for the first and second year, respectively) as the main plot and type of stress modulator at four levels (control, salicylic acid, glycine betaine and sodium nitroprusside) and time of stress modulators application (flowering and flowering + bolling stage) as a factorial in the sub-plot. Both in early and late planting date, foliar application in flowering+bolling stage increased the number of reproductive branches, number of bolls per plant, seed cotton and lint yield. The highest number of bolls per plant was obtained in early planting date by foliar application of glycine betaine (15.7) and in late planting date by foliar application of salicylic acid (8.7). While salicylic acid foliar application increased the seed cotton yield in early planting date (47%), but in late planting date, seed cotton yield did not respond to the stress moderator application. In both flowering and flowering+bolling stage, the highest seed cotton yield was obtained by spraying sodium nitroprusside (1265 and 1537 kg/ha, respectively). In terms of lint and seed yield, in early planting date, foliar application of sodium nitroprusside and in late planting date, foliar application of salicylic acid was better than other modifiers. Overall, the results of this experiment showed that sowing at the appropriate date and foliar application with salicylic acid in the flowering + bolling stage is the most appropriate treatment to obtain the highest seed cotton yield in saline condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cotton yield
  • Foliar application
  • Planting date
  • Phytoprotectants
  • Salinity stress
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