بررسی خصوصیات ریشه نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) تحت تیمارهای ریزوبیوم، میکوریزای آرباسکولار و شبه میکوریزای داخلی در شرایط خاک استریل و غیراستریل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی تلقیح بذور نخود با ریزوبیوم، میکوریزای آرباسکولار و شبه میکوریزای داخلی آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل با سه فاکتور در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به اجرا در آمد. فاکتور اول شامل دو نوع خاک استریل شده (قراردادن خاک در دمای 121 درجه سانتی­گراد به­مدت 15 دقیقه در اتوکلاو) و استریل نشده، فاکتور دوم شامل سه سطح میکوریزا (میکوریزای آرباسکولار Glomusmosseae، شبه میکوریزای داخلیPiriformosporaindica  و عدم مصرف قارچ) و فاکتور سوم شامل دو سطح ریزوبیوم (مصرف ریزوبیوم Mesorhizobiumciceri و عدم مصرف ریزوبیوم) بود. نتایج نشان داد که میکوریزای آرباسکولار به­طور معنی­داری باعث افزایش وزن، سطح و میزان کلونیزاسیون ریشه گردید؛ اما اثر آن بر تعداد گره­های ریزوبیومی معنی­دار نشد. همچنین مصرف ریزوبیوم به­طور معنی­داری باعث افزایش وزن، سطح و تعداد گره­های ریزوبیومی ریشه گردید؛ لکن کاربرد آن تأثیری بر میزان کلونیزاسیون ریشه نداشت. در شرایط خاک غیراستریل، تعداد گره­های ریزوبیومی و میزان کلونیزاسیون ریشه به­طور معنی­داری افزایش نشان دادند. بررسی اثرات متقابل نشان داد که اعمال شرایط خاک استریل و مصرف میکوریزا در صفات سطح و میزان کلونیزاسیون ریشه نسبت به سایر تیمارها بیشترین مقدار را به خود اختصاص داد. همچنین کاربرد تلفیقی میکوریزا و ریزوبیوم سبب برتری معنی­دار طول و سطح ریشه گردید. کاربرد ریزوبیوم درشرایط خاک غیراستریل، نسبت به شرایط خاک استریل و عدم کاربرد ریزوبیوم، تعداد گره­های ریزوبیومی را به­طور معنی­داری و به میزان 90/5 درصد افزایش داد. به نظر می­رسد که استفاده از میکوریزا در زراعت نخود می­تواند در بهبود ویژگی­های ریشه مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of root traits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under treatments of rhizobium, arbuscular mycorrhiza and pseudo-endomycorrhiza on conditions of sterilized and non-sterile soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Javad Arshadi 1
  • Mahdi Parsa 2
  • Amir Lakzian 3
  • Mohammad Kafi 2
1 Ph.D Graduate in Crop Physiology, Department of Agronomy, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 Department of Soil Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the inoculation of chickpea seeds with rhizobium, arbuscular mycorrhiza and pseudo-endomycorrhiza, an experiment was conducted, in factorial by arrangement of three factors with a completely randomized design and three replications in research greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. First factor was consisted of two sterilized levels (put the soil at 121°C for 15min in autoclave) and non-sterile soil and second factor was consisted of three levels mycorrhiza (arbuscular mycorrhizaof Glomus mosseae, pseudo-endomycorrhiza of Piriformospora indica and non-used mycorrhiza) and third factor was consisted of two rhizobium levels (using rhizobium strain of Mesorhizobium ciceri and non-used rhizobium). The results indicated that mycorrhiza significantly increased weight, area and root colonization. But effect of mycorrhiza wasn’t significant on number of rhizobium nodules. Application of rhizobium significantly increased weight, area and number of rhizobium nodules. But effect of rhizobium wasn’t significant on root colonization. In conditions of non-sterile soil, number of rhizobium nodules and root colonization were significantly increased. In study of interactions was found that in condition of using mycorrhiza in sterile soil in traits of area and root colonization, were assigned the highest rate compared to other treatments. The combined application of mycorrhiza and rhizobium was caused significant superiority in length and area of roots. Using rhizobium in non-sterile soil conditions than non-using rhizobium and sterile soil, increased number of rhizobium nodules significantly at the rate of 90.5%. It seems that the use of mycorrhiza in chickpea cultivation can be effective to improve root characteristics

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Area of root
  • Autoclave
  • Rhizobium nodules
  • Root colonization
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