اثر تنش خشکی در مراحل مختلف رشد بر انتقال مجدد مواد ذخیره‌ای در ژنوتیپ‌های سورگوم دانه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان جنوبی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بیرجند، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

3 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد دانه و پارامترهای دخیل در انتقال مجدد مواد ذخیره‌ای در ژنوتیپ‌های سورگوم دانه‌ای، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال 1393 در مزرعه مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان جنوبی اجرا گردید. فاکتور اصلی شامل آبیاری نرمال (شاهد)، قطع آبیاری در مرحله رشد رویشی (مرحله رویت آخرین برگ به‌صورت لوله‌ای) و قطع آبیاری در مرحله رشد زایشی (50 درصد بوته‌ها در مرحله آغاز گلدهی) و فاکتور فرعی شامل ژنوتیپ‌های KGS29،MGS2 ،KGS33 ، سپیده، KGFS27،MGS5 ،KGFS5 ،KGFS17، KGFS13 و KGFS30 بودند. نتایج نشان داد تنش خشکی تأثیر معنی‌داری بر عملکرد دانه، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در پانیکول داشته و سبب کاهش آنها گردید. میزان کاهش عملکرد دانه در بالاترین سطح تنش خشکی (قطع آبیاری در مرحله رشد رویشی) نسبت به تیمار شاهد معادل 42 درصد بود. ژنوتیپ KGFS13دارای بالاترین عملکرد دانه بود. اثر تنش خشکی بر پارامترهای ARDM (میزان مواد ذخیره‌ای انتقال‌یافته) و %REP  (سهم دانه از انتقال مجدد مواد ذخیره‌ای) در سطح احتمال 5 درصد معنی‌دار گردید و این اثر در مورد %REE (بازدهی انتقال مجدد) معنی‌دار نشد ولی هر سه پارامتر با اعمال تنش رطوبتی و افزایش شدت تنش خشکی افزایش چشمگیری نشان دادند. به‌طورکلی می‌توان گفت که فرایند انتقال مجدد به‌عنوان یکی از مکانیزم های مطلوب و انتخابی در ارقام و ژنوتیپ های سورگوم به‌ویژه در شرایط مواجهه با تنش خشکی قلمداد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of drought stress at different growth stages on dry matter remobilization in grain sorghum genotypes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Azarinasrabad 1
  • Seyed Mohsen Mousavinik 2
  • Mohammad Galavi 2
  • Seyyed Ali Reza Beheshti 3
  • Alireza Siroosmehr 2
1 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, South Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, AREEO, Birjand, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
3 3Horticulture crops Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effect of water stress on grain yield and its components and parameters of dry matter remobilization in sorghum genotypes (Sorghum bicolor L.), a field experiment as a split plot design was carried out with three replications in 2014 at the research farm of the southern Khorasan Agriculture and natural resources research and education center. Main factors including normal irrigation (control), irrigation cut off in vegetative growth stage (emergence of terminal leaf as rolled) and irrigation cut off in generative growth stage (50% of plants in start of flowering) and genotypes including KGS29, MGS2, Sepideh, KGFS27, MGS5, KGFS5, KGFS17, KGFS13 and KGFS30 were as sub factors. Results showed that water stress had significantly effect on grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, 1000 seed weight, seed number per panicle and caused to decrement of them. The grain yield reduction was about 42% at the highest level of water stress (irrigation cut off in vegetative growth stage) in comparison with the control. The genotype KGFS13 had the highest grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. The effect of water stress was significant on ARDM (Amount of Remobilized Dry Matter) and %REP (Remobilization Percentage) at %5 probability level and this effect was not significant on %REE but each of those parameters were highly increased with water stress inducing and stress severity increasing. Generally, remobilization process can be considered as one of the optimal and selective mechanisms in sorghum cultivars and genotypes, especially in terms of drought stress condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Generative growth
  • Irrigation cut off
  • Remobilization Efficiency
  • Sorghum
  • Yield
Ali, M.A., Abbas, A., Niaz, S., Zulkiffal, M., and Ali, S. 2009. Morpho-physiological criteria for drought tolerance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) at seedling and post-anthesis stages. International Journal of Agricultural Biology, 11: 647-680.
Bdukli, E., Celik , N., Turk, M., Bayram, G., and Tas, B. 2007. Effects of post anthesis drought stress on the stem- reserve mobilization supporting grain filling of two- rowed barley cultivars at different levels of nitrogen . Biological Science, 7(6): 949-953.
Beheshti, A.R., and Behboodi, B. 2010. Dry matter accumulation and remobilization in grain sorghum genotypes (sorghum bicolor L. Monech) under drought stress condition. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 4(3): 185-189.
Blum,A., Sinmena, B.,  Mayer, J.,  Golan, G., and Shpiler, L. 1994. Stem reserve mobilization Supports wheat grain filling under heat stress. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 21: 771–781.
Blum, A. Improving wheat grain filling under stress by stem reserve utilization. In: braun, H.j., F.Altay,W. E. Kronstas, S. P. S. Beniwal, and A. McNab, (eds). Proceeding of the 5th International Wheat conference; 1996  June 10-14; Ankara, Turkey, 1996. P 135-142.
Bonnett,G .D., and Incoll, L. D. 1992 .Effects on the stem of winter barley of manipulating the source  and sink during  grain – filling I.changes in the composition of water –soluble  carbohydrates of internodes . Journal of Experimental Botany, 44: 75-82.
Ejeta, G. and Knoll, J.E. 2007. Marker-assisted selection in sorghum. In: Varshney, R.K. and R. Tuberosa (eds.), Genomic-assisted Crop Improvement. Genomics Applications in Crops, 2: 187–205.
Evans, I.T. 1993. Crop evaluation, adaptation and yield. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 514p.
Gambin, B.L., and Borras, L. 2007. Plasticity of sorghum kernel weight to increased assimilate availability. Field Crops Research, 100: 272-284.
Gifford, R.M., Bremner, P.M., and Jones, D.B. 1973. Assessing photosynthetic limitation to grain yield in a field crop. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 24: 297-307.
Hume, D. J., and Campel, D.K. 1992. Accumulation and translocation of soluble solids in corn  stalk. Canadian  Journal of Plant Science, 52: 363-368.
Javadi, H., Rashed Mohassel, M.H.,  and Azari Nasrabad, A. 2007. Effect of plant density on  agronomic characteristics chlorophyll content and stem remobilization percentage in four grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties. Journal of Iranian Field Crops Researches, 5(2): 271- 279.
Kebede, H., Subudhi, P.K., Rosenow, D.T., and Nguyen, H.T. 2001. Quantitative trait loci influencing drought tolerance in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Theor. Appl. Genet. 103: 266–276
Kiniry J. R., and Tischler, C. R. 1992. Nonstructural Carbohydrate Utilization by sorghum and maize shaded during grain growth. Crop Science, 32: 131-137.
Koochaki, A. and Sarmadnia, GH. H. 1987. Physiology of crop plants. Jahad Daneshgahi Mashad Publication, Mashad, 467p. (In Persian).
Naderi, A., and Musharraf GH. 2001. Effects of drought stress on yield and yield related traits in wheat genotypes. p. 74-75. Proceedings of the sixth Iranian agronomy and plant breeding congress. 3-6 Sept. 2001. Crop Science Society of Iran. Babolsar, Iran.
Paponov, I.A., Sambo, P., Erley, G.S.A., Presterl, T., Geiger, H.H., and Engels, C. 2005. Kernel set in maize genotypes differing in nitrogen use efficiency in response to resource availability around flowering. Plant and Soil, 272: 101–110.
Prasad, P.V.V., Pisipati, S. R., Mutava, R.N., and Tuinstra, M.R. 2008. Sensitivity of grain sorghum to high temperature stress during reproductive development. Crop Science, 48:1911– 1917.
Schnyder, H. 1993. The role of carbohydrates storage and redistribution in the source-sink  relation of wheat and barley during grain filling. A review. New Phytology, 123: 233-245.
Slafer.G.A., and Savin, R. 1994. Sink-source relationships and grain mass at different positions within the spike in wheat. Field Crops Research, 37: 39-49.
Smith, J.A.C. and Griffiths, H. 1993. Water deficits: Plant response from cell to community. Bios scientific Pub. 344pp.
Tollenaar, M., and Aguilera, A. 1992. Radiation use efficiency of old and new maize hybrid. Agronomy Journal, 84: 536-541.   
Uhart, S. A., and Andrade, F. H. 1995. Nitrogen defoliation in maize. I: Effects on crop growth, development, dry matter patitioning, and kernel set. Crop Science, 35: 1376-1383.
Wardlaw, I.F., and Willenbrink, J. 1994.Carbohydrate storage and mobilization by the culm of wheat between heading and grain maturity: the relation to sucrose synthase and sucrose-phosphate synthase. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 21: 255-271.