نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه باغبانی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان
2 گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خورستان
3 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان
4 گروه ژنتیک و تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction: The arid and semi-arid region occupies most of south-west Iran, and livestock farming is one of the most important activities in this region. The goals of study were to recognize the effects of different level of Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on morphological characteristics, productivity and forage quality of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller. Opuntia is cultivated in both hemispheres and all continents. Its products have always been very popular among the rural populations of arid and semi-arid areas in its native region of Mexico and in the Mediterranean basin, where it was introduced at the beginning of the 16th century. They include fruits and cladodes for human nutrition and cattle feeding. Moreover, its utilization is common in popular medicine (flowers and cladodes), and field management.
Materials and Methods: Experiments were conducted in field of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan in the semi-arid of Khuzestan, Iran. The experiment was performed as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications (plot).The objective was to study Nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 kgha-1) and Phosphorus (0, 25, 50 and 100 kg ha-1) fertilizations on growth of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. After two years of planting in the field, the plants were harvested and the characteristics of height, number of cladodes, fresh weight, phosphorus, nitrogen, amino acid, soluble carbohydrates, mucilage, fiber, chlorophyll were measured.
Results and Discussion: Phosphorus fertilization increased dry matter and amino acids. Nitrogen fertilization increased linearly dry matter and yield, but no response to N was observed in carbohydrates amounts. Nitrogen fertilization also increased plant N concentration. Cladode area index (CAI) increased with increasing N. The results showed that the application of 100 kg N / ha from urea source with the improvement of vegetative parts of the plant resulted in an increase in fresh weight of shoots, so that it was equal to the yield due to the highest level of nitrogen consumption. The results also showed that the amount of crude protein, amino acids and mucilage in the shoots showed a good response to increased nitrogen consumption. However, phosphorus was able to affect some traits, especially the amount of amino acids and protein, which are two important properties in forage plants.
Conclusion: In this study, it was found that Opuntia plant with 5 times of irrigation per year (1 time of spring, 3 times of summer and 1 time of autumn) even had a significant performance even in the control treatment (without feeding). However, fertilization was necessary for optimal growth. Due to the change in the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in Cactus Opuntia and also the affected properties, it seems that nitrogen fertilization was more effective than phosphorus fertilizer. In summary, increasing fertilizing with N and P resulted in greater productivity of O. ficus-indica in Khuzestan. Phosphorus fertilization involved less economical risk to the farmer but positive responses occurred only when soil P was increasing. This works stresses the importance of using replicated field trials to look for quantitative differences in yield and fruit quality from visually indistinguishable cactus fruit clones.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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