تأثیر محلول‌پاشی هورمون سیتوکینین بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد ارقام گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشکده باهنر پاکدشت و شریعتی، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه‌ای، تهران، ایران

3 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

گندم یکی از مهم­ترین گیاهان زراعی دنیا است. به­کارگیری راه­کارهایی که سبب بهبود عملکرد گندم شود، بسیار ضروری است. به­منظور بررسی اثرات محلول­پاشی سیتوکینین بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد ارقام گندم، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال زراعی 1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل محلول­پاشی بنزیل­آمینوپورین در دو سطح (صفر (شاهد) و 50 میکرومولار) و شش رقم گندم (آزادی، کرج 3، روشن، فلات، سرداری و یاواروس) بودند. محلول­پاشی هورمون در مرحله‌ی 50 درصد ظهور خوشه­ها (کد 55 مرحله رشدی زادوکس) سه مرتبه به فاصله هر هفت روز یک ­بار انجام گردید. سرعت فتوسنتز، دوام شاخص سطح برگ، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد زیست­توده و عملکرد دانه با کاربرد سیتوکینین افزایش معنی­داری داشت. طول دوره پر شدن همه ارقام به­جز رقم فلات با کاربرد سیتوکینین افزایش یافت. هم­چنین، کاربرد سیتوکینین سرعت پر شدن دانه همه ارقام را کاهش ولی رقم روشن را به­میزان 17/3درصد افزایش داد. محلول­پاشی سیتوکینین وزن خشک نهایی دانه ارقام آزادی، روشن و یاواروس را به­ترتیب به­میزان 5/6، 14/8و 6/2 درصد افزایش داد ولی بر سایر ارقام اثر معنی­داری نداشت. از بین ارقام مورد بررسی، رقم آزادی با میانگین 1/08 و رقم سرداری با 1/55 میلی­گرم در روز به­ترتیب کم­ترین و بیش­ترین سرعت پر شدن دانه را دارا بودند. کاربرد سیتوکینین طول دوره پر شدن دانه همه ارقام به­غیر از رقم روشن را افزایش داد. در شرایط بدون کاربرد سیتوکینین، رقم آزادی با 5700 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین و رقم روشن با 3100 کیلوگرم در هکتار، کمترین عملکرد دانه را دارا بودند. نتایج نشان داد که واکنش ارقام گندم به کاربرد سیتوکینین یکسان نبوده و نتیجه به­دست آمده در ارقام مختلف گندم متفاوت می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The influence of foliar application of cytokinin on wheat cultivars' physiological traits and yield

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdie Sadat Hosseini 1
  • Hadi Salek Mearaji 2
  • Afshin Tavakoli 3
  • Reza fotovat 3
1 M.Sc Graduated, Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, College of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran
2 Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Bahonar Pakdasht & Shariati, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran
3 Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, College of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops and is grown nearly everywhere in the world. Wheat is the primary staple food in many countries. In light of the fact that wheat yield varies depending on environmental conditions, it is crucial to employ strategies that increase wheat yield.
Materials and Methods: To investigate the effects of foliar application of cytokinin on the physiological traits and yield of wheat cultivars, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with tree replications was conducted at the research farm of the Agriculture Faculty, University of Zanjan, during the 2016 cropping seasons. Six wheat cultivars (Azadi, Karaj 3, Roshan, Falat, Sardari and Yavarus) were treated with foliar applications of cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurine) at two levels (0 (control) and 50 µM). At the 50% stage of cluster emergence (code 55 Zadox growth stage), hormone foliar application was performed three times per week. Foliar spraying was done at sunset. To improve absorption, five ml of diluted Tween 20 (0.1%) was added to each 20-liter sprayer. 10 days after the third spraying, a sample was taken and the traits were measured in order to determine their value.
Results and Discussion: The application of cytokinin significantly increased photosynthetic rate, leaf area index durability, weight per thousand grains, biological yield, and grain yield. The application of cytokinin had no significant impact on the greenness index of the Falat, Karaj 3, Roshan, and Yavarus cultivars, but increased the greenness index of the Sardari cultivar by 116.2% and decreased the greenness index of the Falat cultivar by 12.0%. The Karaj 3 cultivar had the highest photosynthesis with an average of 10.6 μmol.m-2.s-1 net CO2 assimilation rate, while the Falat cultivar had the lowest photosynthesis with 6.46 μmol.m-2.s-1 net CO2 assimilation rate. The application of cytokinin increased the leaf area index duration of the Falat, Karaj 3, and Yavarus cultivars while having no effect on the other cultivars. The foliar application of cytokinin had no effect on the number of seeds per plant, but there were significant differences in the number of seeds among the cultivars studied. The cultivars Karaj 3 and Yavarus had the highest and lowest seed yields per plant, with 172.6 and 83.7 seeds per plant, respectively. The foliar application of cytokinin increased the final grain dry weight of the Azadi, Roshan, and Yavarus cultivars by 5.6%, 14.8%, and 6.2%, respectively, but had no effect on the Karaj 3, Falat, and Sardari cultivars. The Azadi cultivar with an average of 1.08 mg/day and the Sardari cultivar with an average of 1.55 mg/day had the lowest and highest grain filling rates, respectively, among the cultivars studied. Except for the cultivar Roshan, the application of cytokinin increased during the grain filling period of all other cultivars. Compared to the control treatment, cytokinin increased the one-thousand seed weight by 5%. Cytokinin increased the weight of one-tousand seeds by 5% compared to the control treatment. The application of cytokinin increased the yield of the Yavarus, Karaj 3, and Sardari cultivars by 23.7%, 30.1%, and 65.5%, respectively, but had no effect on the yield of other cultivars. In the absence of cytokinin application, Azadi had the highest grain yield at 5700 kg/ha, while Roshan had the lowest at 3100 kg/ha. The application of cytokinin had no significant effect on the harvest index. The Sardari and Yavarus cultivars had the highest and lowest harvest indices (31.4% and 25.1%, respectively), whereas the harvest indices of the other cultivars did not differ significantly.
Conclusion: Morphological, physiological, and yield-related traits differ among wheat cultivars, as demonstrated by the results of the present study. The results demonstrated that the response of wheat cultivars to cytokinin application was highly variable, and that hormone application may be ineffective or have a negative impact on certain traits.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Benzylaminopurine
  • Grain filling
  • Leaf area duration
  • Photosynthesis
  • Triticum aestivum

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 03 مهر 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 دی 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 دی 1400
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 30 اردیبهشت 1401

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