ارزیابی تنش خشکی بر عملکرد دانه و اجزای عملکرد در برخی غلات سردسیری در شرایط کنترل شده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد کشاورزی اکولوژیک، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران

2 گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران

3 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد بیوتکنولوژی در کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد در برخی غلات سردسیری آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس در سال 94-1393 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل غلات سردسیری در 6 سطح شامل: گندم نان رقم کوهدشت، گندم دوروم رقم سیمره، جو شش ردیفه رقم صحرا، جو دو ردیفه رقم خرم و جو لخت لاین 17، تریتیکاله رقم جوانیلو و عامل تنش خشکی در سه سطح شامل: عدم تنش خشکی (شاهد= 4/0- بار)، تنش خشکی متوسط (1- بار)، تنش خشکی شدید (4- بار) بودند. تنش خشکی در مرحله گلدهی آن‌ها اعمال شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر غلات و تنش خشکی بر تمام صفات مورد مطالعه در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. این در حالی بود که اثر متقابل بر تمام صفات مورد مطالعه معنی‌دار نبود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که دامنه تغییرات عملکرد دانه در بین گونه‌ها از 25/1 تا 58/2 گرم در بوته متغیر بود. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد دانه تریتیکاله نسبت به گندم دوروم 73 درصد بیش‌تر بود. همچنین مقایسه‌ بین سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی نشان داد که با افزایش تنش خشکی تمام صفات مورد اندازه‎‌گیری در غلات مورد بررسی کاهش یافت. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت در شرایط تنش شدید نسبت به شاهد به ترتیب حدود 32، 72 و 45 درصد کاهش یافت. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت بالا به‌عنوان معیارهای مهم می‌تواند در اصلاح ارقام گونه‌های گیاهی در نظر گرفته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of drought stress on grain yield and yield components in some winter cereals under controlled conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samieh Aghcheli 1
  • Ali Rahemi Karizaki 2
  • Ebrahim Gholamalipour Alamdari 2
  • َAbdollatif Gholizadeh 2
  • Mohsen Rezaei 3
1 M.Sc Graduate of Agroecology, Gonbad Kavoos University, Gonbad Kavoos, Iran
2 Department of Plant Production, Gonbad Kavoos University, Gonbad Kavoos, Iran
3 M.Sc Graduate of Biotechnology in Agriculture, Gonbad Kavoos University, Gonbad Kavoos, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effect of drought stress on grain yield and yield components in some winter cereals, a factorial experiment in completely randomized with 3 replications was conducted in greenhouse at Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavoos University. The treatments were winter cereals with 6 levels included bread wheat cultivar Kohdasht, durum wheat cultivar Seimareh, six-row barley cultivar Sahra, two-row barley cultivar Khorram, and hull less barley Line 17 and triticale cultivar Javaniloo and drought stress with 3 levels i.e., full irrigation as the control (-0.4 bar), slight water stress (-1 bar) and intensive water stress (-4 bar). Drought stress was imposed in flowering stage. The results showed that the effect of species and drought had a significant effect on all the studied traits while interaction on all studied were not significant. The results of mean comparison showed that the range of grain yield changes between species varied from 1.25 to 2.58 g per plant. The results showed that grain yield in triticale is  more than durum wheat (73%). Also, the comparison between different levels of drought stress showed that with increasing drought stress, all measured traits decreased in the studied species. The results showed that grain yield, biological yield and harvest index decreased by about 32, 72 and 45%, respectively in severe stress conditions compared to the control. The results of this study showed that high biological yield and high harvest index can be considered as important criteria in breeding cultivars of plant species.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological yield
  • Cereals
  • Harvest index
  • Morphological traits

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 04 مرداد 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 شهریور 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 26 شهریور 1400

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