Crop Science Research in Arid Regions

Crop Science Research in Arid Regions

Evaluation of the biochemical characteristics of red beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) and seed protein under different levels of irrigation and growth stimulating compounds

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Mohammad Kazem alilou 1
Mohsen Roshdi 2
Sasan Rezadust 2
Javad Khalili Mahaleh 2
1 PhD Student, Department of Agriculture, Khoy Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khoy, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Khoy Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khoy, Iran
10.22034/csrar.2024.351363.1260
Abstract
Introduction: In recent years, dehydration has led to different reactions in drought-sensitive plants, including red beans. The decreased level of available water resulted in adverse effects on the yield and biochemical characteristics of red beans. The results of variance analysis indicated that irrigation levels and growth stimulants had significant effects on soluble sugar, leaf relative water content, protein percentage, and seed yield. Increased time intervals between irrigations increased the proline content, while decreasing carotenoids and chlorophyll in the whole leaves. Application of humic acid significantly affected the yield and protein percentage in the seeds. As the time interval between irrigations increased, the biochemical and agronomic traits affecting the growth and development of red beans were disturbed, leading to a decrease in the seed yield.
Materials and Methods: An experiment was conducted in a farm in Pir Musa, Khoy (38°34′26″N 44°53′24″E) at 1157 m above sea level in 2021 to evaluate the effect of growth promoters on biochemical traits and proteins of kidney beams under different irrigation levels. Chemical and physical properties of the farm soil and the climate information of the area during the experiment are listed in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. The experiment was conducted using a SPLAT plot plan in the form of purely random blocks with 3 iteration in 45 terraces. The primary agent was irrigation at three levels of each 8, 14, and 14 days and the secondary agent was five different cases of humic acid 95% (15% fulvic acid, 35% humic acid, 30% seaweed, and 15% potassium), amino acid 25% (25% amino acid, 1% ascorbic acid, 100 ppm vitamin B1, and 25% fulvicol acid), rooting stimulator (18% phosphor, 5% nitrogen, 25% fulvicol acid and 25% organic matter), potassium 30% (30% potassium and 25% amino acid), and no additional material (control). Genetically-modified commercial sun ray cultivar inoculated with Phaseoli strain R117 rhizobium leguminosarum bacteria was used provided by the Soil and Water department of Agricultural Research Center of West Azerbaijan Province. Each experimental terrace was composed of five 4 m-long rows with 60 cm spacing. The space between adjacent plants on each row was 8 cm. There was two unplanted rows between adjacent terraces, and a 1.5 m space was considered between blocks to prevent water penetration during irritations. The seeds were planted by hand on May 15, 2021 at the depth of 4-5 cm. The first irritation was after planting the seeds using a leak pipe and then, all terraces were irrigated each 8, 11, and 14 days. The foliar spraying treatment included amino acid 25%, rooting stimulator, and potassium 30%, but the humic acid 95% treatment was carried out twice with irritation (2 kg per hectare) before flowering and capsule initiation.
Results and Discussion: The water shortage decreased the carotenoid content of leaves in the red bean plant. The maximum carotenoid content is observed once in 8 days with irrigation levels of 18.41, with the minimum carotenoid content observed for severe stress (irrigation once in 14 days) by 11.06 mg/g. Increasing the irrigation interval significantly reduced the amount of chlorophyll b and an in the leaves so that in the severe stress treatment (irrigation once in 14 days), this reduction was more evident compared to the normal irrigation treatment (irrigation once in 8 days). Moreover, the interaction effect of the two investigated factors was significant on proline, relative leaf water content, soluble sugars, protein percentage, and grain yield. Drought stress increases the number of soluble sugars in red bean plants compared to normal irrigation conditions. The maximum soluble sugar in severe stress (irrigation once every 14 days) is 80.35 mg/g and the control treatment and the minimum soluble sugar in normal irrigation (irrigation once every 8 days) is 36.33 mg/g and control treatment. According to the results of comparing the means, the maximum proline content was observed in the levels of irrigation once every 14 days, and the control treatment (no use) was equal to 18.59 mg/g of fresh weight and the minimum content of proline was observed in the levels of irrigation once every 8 days and Humic acid treatment at the rate of 8.31 mg per fresh weight. In addition, the maximum relative water content of leaves observed in irrigation levels once every 8 days and humic acid treatment and the minimum relative water content of leaves observed in irrigation levels once every 14 days and control treatment (no use), as 86.32 and 51.82, respectively. The grain protein percentage increased following applying drought stress and increasing the irrigation interval, so that the maximum percentage of grain protein was obtained in the treatment of irrigation every 14 days and no stimulants, with the minimum observed in the treatment of irrigation once every 8 days and the use of potassium. So that the maximum grain yield was obtained in the treatment of irrigation once every 8 days and humic acid at the rate of 3076 kg/ha and the minimum in the treatment of irrigation once 14 days and the absence of growth stimulants at the rate of 1221 kg/ha
Conclusion: The results of a one-year experiment show that the biochemical compounds such as proline and soluble sugars increase and the chlorophyll content of the leaves decreases drastically with the application of drought stress in red beans, which leads to a severe drop in grain yield in the treatments under stress.
Keywords
Amino acid
Leaf chlorophyll
Proline
Protein percentage
Relative water content
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Crop Science Research in Arid Regions
Volume 6, Issue 2 - Serial Number 13
Summer 2024
Pages 541-558

  • Receive Date 29 July 2022
  • Revise Date 06 October 2022
  • Accept Date 07 October 2022