Crop Science Research in Arid Regions

Crop Science Research in Arid Regions

Evaluation of sunflower seed yield and soil properties under the influence of chemical and manure fertilizers and different tillage methods

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Siavash Aryafar 1
Alireza Sirousmehr 2
issa khammari 2
Seyed Ahmad Ghanbari 2
Esmaeel Seyedabadi 2
1 PhD Graduate, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
10.22034/csrar.2023.315029.1155
Abstract
Introduction: Conventional agriculture is based on two related objectives, namely, to maximize both production and income. Soil as a culture medium and reservoir of mineral elements is the most important factor in plant production. Therefore, tillage operations with a positive effect on biological, physical and chemical properties of soil can have a positive effect on crop production. Conservation tillage saves production time and costs, reduces labor demand, increases production against less input, protects soil and water, reduces erosion, improves soil structure and preserves more organic matter by preserving more crop residues. Proper nutrition of the plant using livestock and chemical fertilizers to increase the quantity and quality of crops is very important. Combined use of chemical and livestock fertilizers could reduce the toxic effects of sodium and chlorine in saline soils. In addition to increasing yield, increase the absorption efficiency of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Materials and Methods:  In order to investigate the effect of different tillage systems and the combination of chemical and livestock fertilizers on some properties of sunflower, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plots with a randomized complete block design in three replications at the research farm of University of Zabol in 2019-2020. The main factor of tillage methods included moldboard plow + disc, chisel plow + disc, and disc. Sub-factor of fertilizer levels included non-fertilizer, 100 kg/ha diamonium phosphate, 25 tons/ha manure + 100 kg/ha diamonium phosphate, 50 tons/ha manure + 100 kg/ha diamonium phosphate, 25 tons/ha manure, 50 tons/ha manure. The specifications of the tools used in this research are: Reversible plow with three mounting miners of working type with a working width of 90 cm and a working depth of 30 cm, 9-row gas-claw without spring with mounting type of working width 2 Meters and working depth 20 cm, mounted tandem disk with 14 congressional edge plates in the first row and 12 flat edge plates in the second row with a working width of 3 meters and a working depth of 15 cm. Before starting the experiment, in order to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of the soil of the test site, a number of random soil samples from the depth of 0 to 30 cm were prepared and combined and sent to the soil analysis laboratory of the Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol. Soil properties were transferred.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that the highest amount was obtained with the application of 100 kg/ha diamonium phosphate in tillage conditions with chisel plow + disc for soil porosity at a depth of 20 cm (82%), with the application of 50 tons/ha manure in tillage conditions with chisel plow + disc for soil porosity at a depth of 40 cm (86.8%), and with the application of 25 tons/ha manure in tillage conditions with moldboard plow + disc for 1000-seed weight (14.2%) and seed yield (84.8%). and grain yield in sunflower can be increased by improving soil conditions (reducing tillage, especially disc and suitable fertilizer of 50 tons per hectare) and by increasing soil moisture and increasing reservoir strength (1000-seed weight) .
Conclusion: According to our finding In this regard, if the reduction of chemical inputs is considered, the application of 25 tons of manure per hectare in disc tillage conditions is recommended to increase crop residues in the soil surface, reduce runoff and maintain soil moisture. Also, in order to increase grain yield and 1000-seed weight, the use of 25 tons of manure per hectare in conventional farming can be recommended.
Conclusion:The application of phosphate fertilizer significantly increased the absorption of elements. The application of biofertilizer also significantly increased the concentration of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus in bean plants. In general, the results of this study showed that the use of biofertilizer and phosphate fertilizer could reduce the adverse effects of drought stress on bean plants and increase the absorption of elements in bean organs.
Keywords
Organic fertilizer
Plowing
Porosity
Seed thousand weight
Soil structure
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  • Receive Date 14 November 2021
  • Revise Date 04 December 2021
  • Accept Date 10 December 2021