Evaluation of energy efficiency and ecological productivity of wheat and potato agroecosystem ecosystems in Borujerd city, Lorestan province

Rahimi, Leila; Azizi, Khosro; Goodarzi, Dariush; Daneshvar, Mashallah; Heidari, Saeed

doi:10.22034/csrar.2023.349325.1252

Evaluation of energy efficiency and ecological productivity of wheat and potato agroecosystem ecosystems in Borujerd city, Lorestan province

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Leila Rahimi ¹

Khosro Azizi ²

Dariush Goodarzi ²

Mashallah Daneshvar ²

Saeed Heidari ²

¹ MSc Graduate of Agroecology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran

² Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran

10.22034/csrar.2023.349325.1252

Abstract

Introduction: This study was carried out to assess and compare to energy, management of resources, especially water and increase the efficiency of irrigated wheat and potato.With the increase in population and the limitations of production resources in the future, it will be difficult to access energy sources in sufficient quantity. Efficient use of agricultural energy is one of the important factors in achieving sustainable agriculture. Sustainability is one of the main components of agricultural production that leads to food security and utilization of production resources for present and future generations. The efficiency and stability of crop systems vary according to the type of input energy management.The study was conducted to evaluate and compares the course of energy, the productivity of resources, especially water, and increases in the efficiency of irrigated wheat and potato agroecosystems.
Materials and Methods: At present, in most conventionally managed crop ecosystems, the share of indirect, non-renewable and commercial energy was higher than direct, renewable and non-commercial energy...This research was conducted in the crop years of 2017 in Borujerd city, Lorestan province, in the geographical location of 34° 1′ N latitude and 48° 4′ E longitude. The data used in this study are collected by questionnaire. The number of samples was determined by Cochran formula. Accordingly, 130 irrigated wheat farms and 60 potato farms were selecte by stratified random sampling method. In order to calculate the energy equivalent of inputs and outputs in the two canvases of irrigated wheat and potato crop system, first the most important inputs and outputs and their energy equivalent in the two canvases of the system were determined. Then, the equivalent of each input energy as well as output was calculated by multiplying its raw value by the corresponding energy conversion factor, the input energy input and the water flow rate in the two potato and irrigated wheat cropping systems.
Results and Discussion: The total amount of input energy were in potato (92645.73 MJ ha^-1) and in irrigated wheat (45215.33 MJ ha^-1). In terms of electricity, fossil fuel, chemical fertilizers and irrigation water, the potato agroecosystem had the highest amount of energy consumption. The consumption of non-renewable and indirect energy from the total input energy was high in both agroecosystems, especially potato cultivation showed more dependence on these input energies. This can indicated the instability of the potato agoecosystem compared to irrigated wheat. The amount of net energy index in the potato cropping system is higher than that of irrigated wheat, and indicates lower energy loss in potato cultivation. But because of the higher energy consumption efficiency in irrigated wheat compared to potato cultivation, this indicates the greater than of efficiency of the irrigated wheat farming system in converting input energy into available energy for yield.
Conclusion: Production systems should not be used for more than of their capacity in order to generate high revenue. As energy input increases, energy efficiency decreases Proper and efficient use of available resources increases the sustainability of production Therefore, conventional potato production is not sustainable in terms of energy consumption, because a very high percentage of consumption inputs in the potato production are non-renewable energies.. The consumption of non-renewable and indirect energy from the total input energy was high in both agroecosystems. The amount of net energy index in the potato cropping system is higher than that of irrigated wheat, and indicates lower energy loss in potato cultivation. This can indicated the instability of the potato Therefore it is suggested the cultivation of irrigated wheat, which was more stable, to the farmers of the region.Therefore, autumn irrigated wheat cultivation is more practical than spring and summer potato cultivation, which has a high water requirement and higher cost.

Highlights

Akcaoz, H., Ozcatalbas, O. and Kizilay, H. 2009. Analysis of energy use for pomegranate production in Turkey. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 7: 475-480.

Aynehband, A. 2015. Ecology Agricultural Systems (new edition) Shahid Chamran University Press Ahvaz- Iran, 661: 42-46. [In Persian].

Azizi, K. and Heidari, S. 2013. Comparative study on energy balance and economical indices in irrigated and dry land barley production systems. Journal Environmental Science and Technology, 10: 1019-1028.

Banaeian, N., Omid, M. and Ahmadi, H. 2010. Energy and economic analysis of greenhouse strawberry production in Tehran province of Iran. Energy Conversion and Management, 52(2): 1020-1025. [In Persian].

Cochran, J. 2003. Patterns of sustainable agriculture adoption/non-adoption in Panama a thesis submitted to McGill University. McGill University, Montreal, Canada: 1-114.

Dastan, S., Noormohamadi, G., Madani, H. and Soltani, A. 2015. Analysis of energy indices in rice production systems in the Neka region. Environmental Sciences, 13(1): 53-66. [In Persian].

Esengun, K., Erdal, G., Gunduz, O. and Erdal, H. 2007. An economic analysis and energy use in stake-tomato production in Tokat province of Turkey. Renewable Energy, 32: 1873-1881.

Ghaderzadeh, H. and Pirmohamediani, Z. 2019. Investigation of energy efficiency in potato production in Hamadan province. Journal of Agricultural Economics Research, 11(2): 167-202. [In Persian].

Ghorbani, R., Mondani, F., Amirmoradi, S., Feizi, H., Khorramdel, S., Teimouri, M., Sanjani, S., Anvarkhah, S. and Aghel, H. 2011. A case study of energy use and economical analysis of irrigated and dryland wheat productionsystems. Applied Energy, 88: 283-288.

Kaltsas, A., Mamolos, A., Tsatsarelis, C., Nanos, G. and Kalburtji, K. 2007. Energy budget in organic and conventional olive groves. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment, 122(2): 243-251.

Kazemi, H., Shahbyki, M. and Baghbani, S. 2015. Energy analysis for faba bean production: A case study in Golestan province, Iran. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 3: 15-20.

Kizilaslan, H. 2009. Input- output energy analysis of cherries production in Tokat province of Turkey. Applied Energy, 86(7-8): 1354-1358

Mohammadi, A., Rafiee, S., Mohtasebi, S.S., Mousavi Avval, S.H. and Rafiee, H. 2011. Energy efficiency improvement and input cost saving in kiwifruit production using Data Envelopment Analysis approach. Renewable Energy, 36(9): 2573-2579.

Ozkan, B., Fert, C. and Karadeniz, C.F. 2007. Energy and cost analysis for greenhouse and open-field grape production. Energy, 32: 1500-1504.

Pahlavan, R., Omid, M. and Akram, A. 2012. The relationship between energy inputs and crop yield in greenhouse basil production. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, 14: 1243-1253.

Rajabi Hamedani, S., Shabani, Z. and Rafiee, S. 2011. Energy inputs and crop yield relationship in potato production in Hamadan province of Iran. Energy, 36: 2367-2371.

Rajabi, M.H., Soltani, A., Zeynali, E. and Soltani, E. 2012. Evaluation of energy use in wheat production in Gorgan. Journal of Plant Production Research, 19(3): 143-171. [In Persian].

Rezaei, P., Naderi, M.K., Karimi, S. and Shanazi, K. 2019. Environmental sustainability assessment of farming system using ecological footprint analysis (case study: potato and cucumber cultivation in Sofalgaran district of Bahar County). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 29(2): 53-66. [In Persian].

Shahhoseini, H.R., Ramrodi, M. and Kazemi, H. 2020. Evaluating and comparing the sustainability of autumn and spring potato agroecosystems using energy analysis (case study: Golestan province). Journal of Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production, 30(4): 265-279. [In Persian].

Shahhoseini, H.R., Ramrodi, M. and Kazemi, H. 2021. Economic analysis and evaluating the sustainability of potato production based on greenhouse gas emissions (case study: Golestan Province). Journal of Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production, 31)3): 295-311. [In Persian].

Sheibani, S., Ghanbari, A., Asghari Pourchaman, M.R. and Abolpour, B. 2017. Determining the optimal water use efficiency in wheat production sustainability. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 27(2): 1-18. [In Persian].

Singh, H., Singh, A.K., Kushwaha, H.L. and Singh, A. 2007. Energy consumption pattern of wheat production in India. Energy, 32: 1848-1854.

Soltani, A., Maleki, M.H.M. and Zeinali, E. 2014. Optimal crop management can reduce energy use and greenhouse gases emissions in rainfed canola production. International Journal of Plant Production, 8(4): 587-604. [In Persian].

Tabatabaeefar, A., Emamzadeh, H., Ghasemi Varnamkhasti, M., Rahimizadeh, R. and Karimi, M. 2009. Comparison of energy of tillage systems in wheat production. Energy, 34: 41-45.

Tipi, T., Cetin, B. and Vardar, A. 2009. An analysis of energy use and input costs for wheat production in Turkey. Journal Agriculture and Environment, 7(2): 352-356.

Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D.J., May, M., Lewis, K.A. and Jaggard, K. 2005. An assessment of the energy inputs and greenhouse gas emission in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) production in the UK. Agricultural Systems, 85(2): 101-119.

Unakitan, G. and Aydin, B. 2018. A comparison of energy use efficiency and economic analysis of wheat and sunflower production in Turkey: a case study in Thrace Region. Energy, 149: 279-285.

Yaqoubi, F., Jami Al-Ahmadi, M., Bakshi, M.R. and Sayari Zahan, M.H. 2015. Comparison of technical and economic efficiency indicators of water consumption in wheat and saffron production in Qaenat city. Saffron Agronomy & Technology, 3(4): 225-236. [In Persian].

Yasari, E., Dastan, S. and Yadi, R. 2018. Evaluation of CO2 emission caused by energy consumption of local rice cultivars in Mazandaran province. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 28(4): 191-206. [In Persian].

Zahedi, M. and Eshghizadeh, H.R. 2014. Energy use efficiency and economical analysis in cotton production system in an arid region: A case study for Isfahan province, Iran. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 4: 43-52.

Zahedi, M., Eshghizadeh, H.R. and Mondani, F. 2015. Energy efficiency and productivity in potato and sugar beet production systems in Isfahan province. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 17(5): 181-191. [In Persian].

Zangeneh, M., Omid, M. and Akram, A. 2010. A comparative study on energy use and cost analysis of potato production under different farming technologies in Hamadan province of Iran. Energy, 35: 2927-2933.

Keywords

Energy efficiency

Fossil fuels

Out puts

Renewable and non-renewable energies

Sustainability of cultivation system