Introduction: Orzuiyeh city (one of Kerman province's warm regions) is known as the center of wheat production in Kerman province. Wheat is one of the main crops in the region, which plays an important role in providing food for the people and the economy of the region. The high area under wheat cultivation in this city is the most important source of income for farmers. Wheat is primarily sown in Orzuiyeh for bread production using the Chamran cultivar and durum wheat production using the Yavaros cultivar. Due to the introduction of new cultivars, additional cultivars must be introduced to farmers if they outperform conventional cultivars.
Materials and Methods: The yield of 11 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. Durum) cultivars (Chamran, Shoosh, Parsi, Sivand, Sirvan, Chamran-2, Shabrang, Aflak, Behrang, Baharan, and Mehregan) was evaluated in the hot zone Orzuiyeh in this experiment. The cultivars were compared on yield and performance components over a two-year period using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each cultivar was planted in six 6-meter lines with a line spacing of 20 cm and the distance between replicates was considered one meter. The amount of fertilizer used was done according to the experiments and according to the needs of the farm soil based on the recommendations of the soil and water department. The first irrigation was done immediately after planting by sprinkling method and according to the custom of the field. Operations and weed control were performed manually (weeding) in the same way on all plots. After physiological maturation of cultivars, harvest was performed in each plot from four middle lines and after removing half a meter from both sides of each line. Grain yield for each treatment was calculated based on the total area of plot harvest and after threshing. Then, based on the obtained data, the analysis of variance of the data was performed in the year. After Bartlett test results, composite analysis of variance was performed by SAS software and mean comparison was performed by LSD method and the results were interpreted.
Results and discussion: There was a positive correlation between grain yield, 1000- Grain weight, and Grain per spike. Shabrang, for example, had a higher Grain density per spike and 1000- Grain weight. Additionally, the 1000- Grain weight correlated negatively and statistically significantly with the number of Grains per spike and spike length. At the 1% level, there was also a positive and significant correlation between the number of Grains per spike and the spike length. Additionally, Shabrang cultivar produced the most grain per hectare (8.04 tons), while Chamran cultivar produced the least grain per hectare (6.32 tons). A thousand Behrang cultivar Grains weighed 46 g. Shabrang cultivars typically had 57 se Grains per spike, while Behrang cultivars typically had 39 Grains per spike. Parsi, Shoosh, and Sirvan cultivars, on the other hand, had the longest spikes at 10.7 and 10.4 cm, respectively, while Behrang cultivar had the shortest spikes at an average of 8.1 cm. The Parsi and Aflak cultivars grew to the greatest heights of 101.3 and 99.3 cm, respectively, while the Behrang and Baharan cultivars grew to the smallest heights of 92 and 91.6 cm, respectively.
Conclusion: The Durum Shabrang cultivar should be used in place of the conventional Durum (Yavaros) cultivars, according to the findings of this study. Additionally, Mehregan and Parsi bread wheat cultivars are recommended for use in the Orzuiyeh region in place of Chamran bread wheat cultivars.