Crop Science Research in Arid Regions

Crop Science Research in Arid Regions

Effect of low irrigation stress on yield, physiological characteristics and Non-enzymatic antioxidants of cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Hamid Kouhkan 1
Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam 2
Ali Rahemi Karizaki 2
Omran Alishah 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Agrotechnology - Ecology of Agronomy Plants, Department of Plant Production, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
2 Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
3 Cotton Research Institute of Gorgan, Iran
10.22034/csrar.2024.413281.1371
Abstract
Introduction:  Due to Iran's location in the arid and semi-arid region of the world, the possibility of drought is high. Therefore, implementing low irrigation to increase the efficiency of limited water resources is a scientific solution to reduce water consumption. On the other hand, irrigation deficit in cotton  is the most important factor limiting production worldwide, which indicates the need for optimal use of water resources to determine the real water needs of cotton plants. Therefore, development and introduction of drought tolerant cultivars and useful method to improve water productivity and efficiency in the face of drought and water scarcity. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate cotton cultivars by measuring traits related to photosynthetic pigments and yield in order to select drought tolerant cultivars.
Materials and Methods: The present study, evaluated physiological traits of 10 cotton cultivars that were known as tolerant cultivar under irrigation deficit based on the measurement of traits and mechanisms of drought tolerance split-plot arrangement using randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2021 and 2022 years, in the educational and research farm of Gonbadkavos University (Golestan province), Iran. Experimental research includes two different irrigation regime The main factor of irrigation stress in two levels including low irrigation stress (two times of irrigation in the stages of bud formation and beginning of flowering) and no stress (four times of irrigation in the stages of bud formation, beginning of flowering, beginning of bud formation and beginning of bud opening) and the factor Sub-types of cotton were included in 10 levels (Shayan, Sahel, Sepid, Sajidi, Golestan, Latif, Armaghan, Parto, Mai and Lodos). The studied traits include physiological characteristics such as chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, proline and boll yield. Photosynthetic pigments were measured by spectrophotometer and its concentration was performed by Arnon (1967) method.
Results and Discussion: Based on the results of this experiment, cultivars with low irrigation stress treatments showed a significant difference in terms of traits related to photosynthetic pigments and non-enzymatic antioxidants and their yield. The study of compound analysis of interaction effect of cultivars in the stress of low irrigation during two crop years showed a significant difference in the yield of Vash and malendialdehyde. Most of the studied traits were affected by the intensity of low irrigation stress and growth stage. The amount of proline increased with the increase of stress so that at the medium stress level of two stages of irrigation (bud formation and beginning of flowering) it increased significantly compared to the condition of no stress. The amount of chlorophyll a was affected by the intensity of stress, but there was no significant change in the amount of chlorophyll b. In the first and second year, the highest yield of rice in non-stress conditions belonged to Sajidi variety with 4596 and 4593 kg/ha-1, respectively, and the lowest yield in water stress conditions in the first and second year belonged to Sepid variety, with 1649 and 1756 kg/ha-1, respectively. The decrease in the yield of cotton was due to the decrease in the number of bolls in the plant under the condition of low irrigation stress.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the traits of  tolerance cultivars under irrigation deficit. Also, cultivars showed different reactions to the studied traits.  According to the results of the research and the correlation coefficients between the traits, among the water stress tolerant cultivars studied, Golestan and Sajidi cultivars are among the stress tolerant cultivars, Sahil and Sepid cultivars are the sensitive cultivars to water stress, and the other cultivars are the semi-sensitive cultivars. Water stress was introduced.
Keywords
Carotenoid
Chlorophyll
Proline
Sajdi
Alishah, A., 2014. Studying the adaptability and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of promising cotton cultivars in temperate and cold regions of Iran. Final Report of Cotton Research Institute, Iran, Gorgan, pp. 34. [In Persian].
Alishah, O., 2020. Assessment of genetic variability, heritability and association of plant attributes with lint yield and fiber quality in advanced lines of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 22(4), pp.350-364. [In Persian]. doi: 10.52547/abj.22.4.350
Parida, A.K., Dagaonkar, V.S., Phalak, M.S. and Ourangabadkar, L.P., 2008. Differential responses of the enzymes involved in proline biosynthesis and degradation in drought tolerant and sensitive cotton genotypes during drought stress and recovery. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 30(5), pp.619-627.
Aydogdu, M.H., Karli, B., Dogan, H.P., Sevinc, G., Eren, M.E. and Kucuk, N., 2018. Economic analysis of agricultural water usage efficiency in the GAP-Harran plain: cotton production sampling, sanliurfa-Turkey. International Journal of Advances in Agriculture Sciences, 12(3), pp.12-19.
Arnon, A.N., 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Journal of Agronomy, 23(1), pp.12-121.
Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Teare, I.D., 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Journal of Plant and Soil, 39(1), pp.205-207. doi: 10.1007/bf00018060
Blum, A., Gozlan, G. and Mayer, J., 1981.The manifestation of dehydration avoidance in wheat breeding germplasm. Crop Science, 21(4), pp.495-499. doi: 10.2135/cropsci1981.0011183x002100040004x
Chowdhury, J., Karim, M., Khaliq, Q. and Ahmed, A., 2017. Effect of drought stress on Bio-chemical change and cell membrane stability of soybean genotypes. Bangladesh Journal Agricultural Research, 42(3), pp.475-485. doi: 10.3329/bjar.v42i3.34506.
Dbira, S., Al Hassan, M., Gramazio, P., Ferchichi, A., Vicente, O., Prohens, J. and Boscaiu, M., 2018. Variable levels of tolerance towater stress (drought) and associated biochemical markers in tunisian barley landraces. Journal of  Molecules, 23(3), pp.1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.01.002.
Devi, M.A. and Giridhar, P., 2015. Variations in physiological response, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, proline and isoflavones content in soybean varieties subjected to drought stress. proceedings of  the national academy of sciences, India section B: biological sciences, 85(1), pp.35-44. doi: 10.1007/s40011-013-0244-0.
Ebtedaee, M. and Shekafandeh, A., 2016. Morph-physiological changes of two cultivars of pomegranate ‘Rabab’ and ‘Shisheh Gap’ under water stress conditions. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 17(2), pp.209-220. [In Persian]. doi: 20.1001.1.16807154.1395.17.2.7.5
Edalatifard, L., Galeshi, S., Soltani, A. and Akramghaderi, F., 2007. The role of morphophysiological traits in drought tolerance of cotton genotypes. Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource, 13(2). [In Persian].
Elsayed A.I., Elhamahmy, M.A.M., Rafudeen, M., Mohamed, A.H. and Omar, A.A., 2019. The impact of drought stress on antioxidant responses and accumulation of flavonolignans in milk thistle (Silybum marianum L Gaertn). Plants, 8(12), pp.611-625. doi: 10.3390/plants8120611.
Gur, A., Demirel, U., Ozden, M., Kahraman, A. and Copur, O., 2010. Diurnal gradual heat stress affects antioxidant enzymes, proline accumulation and some physiological components in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(7), pp.1008-1015. doi: 10.5897/ajb09.1590
Ghorbanpour, A., Salemi, A., Tajik Ghanbary, M.A., Pirdashti, H. and Dehbashi, A., 2017. Relationship between fruit yield and its components in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars using multivariate statistical methods. Journal of Crop Breeding, 9(24), pp.22-29. doi: 10.29252/jcb.9.24.22
Guo, W.Q., Zhang, P.T., Li, C.H., Yin, J.M. and Han, X.Y., 2015. Recovery of root growth and physiological characters in cotton after salt stress relief. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 75(1), pp.85-91. doi: 10.4067/s0718-58392015000100012.
Hannoufa, A.  and Hossain, Z., 2012. Regulation of carotenoid accumulation in plants. Journal of Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 1(3), pp.198-202. doi: 10.1016/j.bcab.2012.03.004
Hassani Moghadam, E., Esna-Ashari, M. and Rezaeinejad, A., 2015. Effect of drought stress on some physiological characteristics in six commercial iranian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Cultivars. Plant Products Thechnology, 15(1), pp.1-11. [In Persian].
Hanci, F. and Cebei, E., 2014. Investigation of proline, chlorophyll and carotenoids changes under drought stress in some onion (Allium Cepa L.) cultivars. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 2, pp.1499-1504.
Himanshu, S.K., Singh, A.K., Kumar, S. and Kalura, P., 2013. Response of broccoli to irrigation scheduling and methods under drip, sprinkler and surface irrigation. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2(4), pp.777-782.
Jones, R.O., Thomas, H., Waalard, H. and Jones, S.R., 2013. The molecular life of plants (No. 581.15/. 16 MOL).
Karimi, S., Abbaspour, H., Sinaki, J.M. and  Makarian, H., 2012. Effects of water deficit and chitosan spraying on osmotic adjustment and soluble protein of cultivars castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry, 8(3), pp.160–169.
Kalantar Ahmadi, S.A., Ebadi, A., Jahanbakhsh, S., Daneshian, J. and Siadat, S.A., 2014. Effects of water stress and nitrogen on changes of some amino acids and pigments in canola. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 9(3), pp.114-122.
Khan, N., Syeed, S., Masood, A., Nazar, R. and Iqbal, N., 2010. Application of salicylic acid increases contents of nutrients and antioxidative metabolism in mungbean and alleviates adverse effects of salinity stress. International Journal of Plant Biology, 1(1), pp.1-8. doi: 10.4081/pb.2010.e1
Khaitov, B. and Teshaev, S., 2015. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi on cotton growth and yield under salinated soil condition. Journal of Cotton Genomics and Genetics, 6(3), pp.1-5. doi: 10.5376/cgg.2015.06.0003
Liu, G., Li, X., Jin, S., Liu, X., Zhu, L., Nie, Y. and Zhang, X., 2014. Overexpression of rice NAC gene SNAC1 improves drought and salt tolerance by enhancing root development and reducing transpiration rate in transgenic cotton. PloS One, 9(1), pp.11-42. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086895
Mafakheri, A., Siosemardeh, A., Bahramnejad, B.P.C. and Sohrabi, Y., 2010. Effect of drought stress on yield, proline and chlorophyll contents in three chickpea cultivars. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 4(8), pp.580-585.
Martinez-Romero, A., Dominguez, A. and  Landeras, G., 2019. Regulated deficit irrigation strategies for different potato cultivars under continental Mediterranean-Atlantic conditions. Agricultural of Journal Water Management, 216(1), pp.164-176. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.01.030
Mbava, N., Mutema, M., Zengeni, R., Shimelis, H. and Chaplot, V., 2020. Factors affecting crop water use efficiency: A worldwide metaanalysis. Agricultural Water Management, 228(3), pp.105878. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105878
Mehrabadi, H.R., 2014. Investigation on effects of drought stress on growth and physiological aspects of cotton at controlled and filed conditions, PhD thesis. pp:490. Agricultural College of Ferdowsi University, Mashhad. [In Persian]. doi: 10.22067/jpp.v31i1.45715
Meier, S., Tzfadia, O., Vallabhaneni, R., Gehring, C. and Wurtzel, E.T., 2011. A transcriptional analysis of carotenoid, chlorophyll and plastidial isoprenoid biosynthesis genes during development and osmotic stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal  of BMC Systems Biology, 19(5), pp.1-77. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-77
Saleem, M.F., Anjum, S.A., Shakeel, A., Ashraf, M. and Khan, H.Z., 2009. Effect of row spacing on earliness and yield in cotton. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(5), pp.2179-2188.
Saeid nejad, A.H. and Rajaei, P., 2015. Antioxidative responses to drought and salinity stress in plants, A comprehensive review. International Journal of Life Sciences, 9(2), pp.1-8. doi: 10.5555/20153209086
Schlegel, H.G., 1956. The utilization of organic acids by chlorella in the light. Plant Journal, 47(5), pp.510-526.
Schlemmer, M.R, Francis, D.D., Shanahan, J.F. and Schepers, J.S., 2005. Remotely measuring chlorophyll content in corn leaves with differing nitrogen levels and relative water content. Agronomy Journal, 97(1), pp.106– 112. doi: 10.2134/agronj2005.0106
Sediq, S., Bajit, M., Qadri, M.Q. and Samadzadeh, A.R., 2014. Determining suitable indicators to evaluate drought tolerance in cotton genotypes. Final Report of Cotton Research Institute, Iran, Gorgan, 3(2), pp.41-53. [In Persian]. doi: 10.22092/ijcr.2016.106769
Steduto, P., Hoogeveen, J., Winpenny, J. and  Burke, J., 2017. Coping with water scarcity: An action framework for agriculture and food security. FAO Water Reports, pp.38, Rome, Italy.
Silva, M.A.,  Jifon, J.L,  Silva, J.A. and  Sharma, V., 2007. Use of physiological parameters as fast tools to screen for drought tolerance in sugarcane. Braz. Journal of  Plant Physiology, 19(3), pp.193-201. doi: .10.1590.s1677-04202007000300003
Stewart, R.R. and Bewley, J.D., 1980. Lipid peroxidation associated with accelerated aging of soybean axes. Plant Physiology, 65(2), pp.245-248. doi: 10.1104/pp.65.2.245
Sumartini, E.S., Mulyani, S. and Abdurakhman, M., 2013. Screening of cotton lines (Gossypium hirsutum L.) tolerance to drought at germination stage with PEG-6000. Jurnal Litteri, 19(3), pp.139-146. doi: 10.5897/joda2021.0067
Tang, W., Luo, Z., Wen, S.M., Dong, H.Z., Xin, C.S. and Li, W.J., 2007. Comparison of inhibitory effects on leaf photosynthesis in cotton seedlings between drought and salinity stress. Cotton Science, 19(2), pp.28-32.
Viera Santos, C., 2004. Regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation by salt stress in sunflower leaves. Journal of Science Horticulturae, 103(1), pp.93-99. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2004.04.009
Yazdanpanah, S., Baghizadeh, A. and Abbassi, F., 2011. The interaction between drought stress and salicylic and ascorbic acids on some biochemical characteristics of Satureja hortensis. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(4), pp.798-807. doi: 10.5897/ajar10.405
Yu, X., X, Du. and Song, L. 2007. Effects of water stress on the growth and ecophysiology of seedlings of the   Rhustyphina. Scientia Silvge Sinicae, 43(11), pp.57-61.
Zain, N.A.M., Ismail, M.R., Mahmood, M., Puteh, A. and  Ibrahim, M.H., 2014. Alleviation of water stress effects on MR220 rice by application of periodical water stress and potassium fertilization. Molecules Journal, 19(2), pp.1795-1819. doi: 10.3390/molecules19021795
Zhang, Z., Zhang, X., Hu, Z., Wang, S., Zhang, J., Wang, X. and Zhang, B., 2015. Lack of K-dependent oxidative stress in cotton roots following coronatine-induced ROS accumulation. PloS One, 10(5), pp.64-76. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126476     
Crop Science Research in Arid Regions
Volume 6, Issue 2 - Serial Number 13
Summer 2024
Pages 501-520

  • Receive Date 25 August 2023
  • Revise Date 16 October 2023
  • Accept Date 22 October 2023