Crop Science Research in Arid Regions

Crop Science Research in Arid Regions

Evaluation of drought impacts on irrigated and rainfed wheat yields in Bojnourd region

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Mohammad Naderianfar 1
Elham Heydari Gharae 2
1 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
2 B.Sc. Student, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
10.22034/csrar.2021.290842.1096
Abstract
Drought is a slow-onset and creeping phenomenon that imposes many irreparable natural hazards and affects all climates. One of the important climatic consequences for agriculture is consecutive droughts that occur every few years and reduce the production yield, in particular under rainfed farming conditions. Therefore, this study was conducted to monitor droughts and the impact of agricultural drought on the strategic wheat crop under rainfed and irrigated cultivation conditions in the Bojnourd region. In this regard, to calculate the standardized drought indices i.e. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Percent of Normal Index (PN), and Z-score Index (ZSI), rainfall statistics, and information of Bojnourd meteorological station during the period 2005 to 2019 were used. Likewise, to relate droughts to agricultural products, statistics and information on the area under cultivation, production, and yield of rainfed and irrigated wheat were used during the statistical period of 1983 to 2019. The results of pearson correlation between drought indices and area under cultivation, production, and crop yield of rainfed and irrigated wheat indicated that the lowest (r = 0.23) and the highest (r = 0.73) correlation levels belonged to the ZSI index with irrigated yield and rainfed production with the PN index, respectively. Temporal changes in the area under cultivation of irrigated and rainfed wheat in Bojnourd region showed that the area under irrigated wheat crop cultivation decreased sharply over time (a negative slope for the trend line of the equation), which is mainly due to the decline in precipitations and droughts in the region causing irreparable damage to farmers. The results of variations in the SPI index on the harvest level from rainfed and irrigated fields indicated that the harvest level from rainfed and irrigated fields increased during the wet year while it decreased during droughts. However for irrigated cultivation, the reduction of irrigated crop yield was less severe over drought years probably due to the use of other methods of water supply for cultivation, including drilling illegal wells and deepening agricultural wells.

Highlights

Bordi, I. and Sutera, A. 2004. Drought variability and its climatic implications, Global and Planetary Change. 40(1): 115-27.

Bordi, I. and Sutera, A. 2008. Drought over Europe in recent years. Drought management: Scientific and technological innovations. CIHEAM, Options Méditerranéennes: Série A Séminaires Méditerranéens, 80: 63-68.

Chowdhury, A. and Gore, P.G. 1989. An index to assess agricultural drought in India. Theoretical and applied climatology, 40(3): 103-109.

Dadashian, M. and Birame, N. 2018. Evaluation of drought effect on dryland barley production performance in selected counties of Azarbayjan-Sharghi province. The 4th international Conference on Environmental Engineering with a focus on sustainable development. (In Persian).

Debaeke, P, and Aboudrare, A. 2004. Adaptation of crop management to water-limited environments. European Journal of Agronomy, 21(4): 433-446.

EnsafiMoghadam, T. 2005. Effects climate on the agriculture production. Journal of Agriculture Knowledge, 14(3): 12-25

FAO. 2020. FAOSTAT. http://www.fao.org/giews/countrybrief/country.jsp?code=IRN

Jahangir, M.H. and Saranirad, M. 2019. Evaluation of drought in South Khorasan province (Iran) using normal precipitation index (PNPI) and standardized method index (Z). Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 21(4): 45-59. (In Persian).

Karamoz, M. and Iraji nezhad, SH. 2005. Advanced Hydrology. Second Edition, Amir Kabir University of Technology, Polytechnic Publications, pp. 464. (In Persian).

Karimi, H., Zeidali, A. and OmidiPour, R. 2018. Evaluation the effect of standard precipitation index on the rainfed wheat yield in Ilam Province. Journal of Watershed Engineering and Management, 9(4): 493-499.

Kulshreshtha, S.N. and Klein, K.K. 1989. Agricultural drought impact evaluation model: A systems approach. Agricultural Systems, 30(1): 81-96.

Loggini, B., Scartazza, A., Brugnoli, E. and Navari-Izzo, F. 1999. Antioxidative defense system, pigment composition, and photosynthetic efficiency in two wheat cultivars subjected to drought. Plant physiology, 119(3): 1091-1100.

Moghaddam, M., Mazinani, M.A., Alavinia, S.S., Shakiba, M., Mehrabi, A. and Pouraboughaddareh., A. 2012. Study of genetic diversity in T. boeoticum populations under normal and water deficit stress conditions. Cereal Research, 2(1): 17-30.

McKee, T.B., Doesken, N.J. and Kleist, J. 1993. January. The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. In Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Applied Climatology, 17(22): 179-183.

Moghaddasi, M., Murid, S., Ghaemi, H., and Samani, A. 2005. Daily monitoring of drought in Tehran province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 36(1): 51-62.

Naderi Zarnaghi, R., Valizadeh, M., and Fotovat, R. 2014. Electrophoretic analysis of antioxidant enzymes activity under drought stress in winter wheat genotypes at tilling stage. Cereal Research, 4(3): 185-197

Naderianfar, M. 2010. The study of changes of qualitative and quantitative parameters of ground water resources under different climate conditions. M.Sc. Thesis. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian).

Norwood, C.A. 2000. Dryland winter wheat as affected by previous crops. Agronomy Journal, 92(1): 121-127.

Tao, J., Zhongfa, Z., and Shui, C. 2011. Drought Monitoring and Analysing on Typical Karst Ecological Fragile Area Based on GIS. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 10 (Part C):  2091-2096.

Webster, N. 1978. Webster’s New Twentieth Century Dictionary. World Publ. Co. Inc, USA

Willeke, K., Lin, X.J., and Grinshpun, S.A. 1998. Improved aerosol collection by combined impaction and centrifugal motion. Aerosol Science and Technology, 28(5): 439–456.

Willeke, G. E., Guttman, N. B., Hosking, J. R. M.,  and Wallis, J. R. 1994. National drought atlas developed. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 75(8): 89-90.

Wilhite, D. 2005, Drought and Water Crises, science, technology, and management issues, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, USA.

Wu, H., Hayes, M., Weiss, A. and Hu, Q. 2001. An Evaluation of the standardized precipitation index, the china- index and the statistical –score. International Journal of Climatology, 21:745-758.

Wu H., and Wilhite D.A. 2004. An operational agricultural drought risk assessment model for Nebraska, USA. Natural Hazards, 33: 1-21

Vicente-Serrano, S.M. and López-Moreno, J.I. 2005. Hydrological response to different time scales of climatological drought: an evaluation of the Standardized Precipitation Index in a mountainous Mediterranean basin. Hydrology and earth system sciences, 9(5): 523-533.

Keywords
Agricultural drought
Rainfed and irrigated cultivation
SPI Index
Wheat yield
Bordi, I. and Sutera, A. 2004. Drought variability and its climatic implications, Global and Planetary Change. 40(1): 115-27.
Bordi, I. and Sutera, A. 2008. Drought over Europe in recent years. Drought management: Scientific and technological innovations. CIHEAM, Options Méditerranéennes: Série A Séminaires Méditerranéens, 80: 63-68.
Chowdhury, A. and Gore, P.G. 1989. An index to assess agricultural drought in India. Theoretical and applied climatology, 40(3): 103-109.
Dadashian, M. and Birame, N. 2018. Evaluation of drought effect on dryland barley production performance in selected counties of Azarbayjan-Sharghi province. The 4th international Conference on Environmental Engineering with a focus on sustainable development. (In Persian).
Debaeke, P, and Aboudrare, A. 2004. Adaptation of crop management to water-limited environments. European Journal of Agronomy, 21(4): 433-446.
EnsafiMoghadam, T. 2005. Effects climate on the agriculture production. Journal of Agriculture Knowledge, 14(3): 12-25
FAO. 2020. FAOSTAT. http://www.fao.org/giews/countrybrief/country.jsp?code=IRN
Jahangir, M.H. and Saranirad, M. 2019. Evaluation of drought in South Khorasan province (Iran) using normal precipitation index (PNPI) and standardized method index (Z). Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 21(4): 45-59. (In Persian).
Karamoz, M. and Iraji nezhad, SH. 2005. Advanced Hydrology. Second Edition, Amir Kabir University of Technology, Polytechnic Publications, pp. 464. (In Persian).
Karimi, H., Zeidali, A. and OmidiPour, R. 2018. Evaluation the effect of standard precipitation index on the rainfed wheat yield in Ilam Province. Journal of Watershed Engineering and Management, 9(4): 493-499.
Kulshreshtha, S.N. and Klein, K.K. 1989. Agricultural drought impact evaluation model: A systems approach. Agricultural Systems, 30(1): 81-96.
Loggini, B., Scartazza, A., Brugnoli, E. and Navari-Izzo, F. 1999. Antioxidative defense system, pigment composition, and photosynthetic efficiency in two wheat cultivars subjected to drought. Plant physiology, 119(3): 1091-1100.
Moghaddam, M., Mazinani, M.A., Alavinia, S.S., Shakiba, M., Mehrabi, A. and Pouraboughaddareh., A. 2012. Study of genetic diversity in T. boeoticum populations under normal and water deficit stress conditions. Cereal Research, 2(1): 17-30.
McKee, T.B., Doesken, N.J. and Kleist, J. 1993. January. The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. In Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Applied Climatology, 17(22): 179-183.
Moghaddasi, M., Murid, S., Ghaemi, H., and Samani, A. 2005. Daily monitoring of drought in Tehran province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 36(1): 51-62.
Naderi Zarnaghi, R., Valizadeh, M., and Fotovat, R. 2014. Electrophoretic analysis of antioxidant enzymes activity under drought stress in winter wheat genotypes at tilling stage. Cereal Research, 4(3): 185-197
Naderianfar, M. 2010. The study of changes of qualitative and quantitative parameters of ground water resources under different climate conditions. M.Sc. Thesis. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian).
Norwood, C.A. 2000. Dryland winter wheat as affected by previous crops. Agronomy Journal, 92(1): 121-127.
Tao, J., Zhongfa, Z., and Shui, C. 2011. Drought Monitoring and Analysing on Typical Karst Ecological Fragile Area Based on GIS. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 10 (Part C):  2091-2096.
Webster, N. 1978. Webster’s New Twentieth Century Dictionary. World Publ. Co. Inc, USA
Willeke, K., Lin, X.J., and Grinshpun, S.A. 1998. Improved aerosol collection by combined impaction and centrifugal motion. Aerosol Science and Technology, 28(5): 439–456.
Willeke, G. E., Guttman, N. B., Hosking, J. R. M.,  and Wallis, J. R. 1994. National drought atlas developed. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 75(8): 89-90.
Wilhite, D. 2005, Drought and Water Crises, science, technology, and management issues, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, USA.
Wu, H., Hayes, M., Weiss, A. and Hu, Q. 2001. An Evaluation of the standardized precipitation index, the china- index and the statistical –score. International Journal of Climatology, 21:745-758.
Wu H., and Wilhite D.A. 2004. An operational agricultural drought risk assessment model for Nebraska, USA. Natural Hazards, 33: 1-21
Vicente-Serrano, S.M. and López-Moreno, J.I. 2005. Hydrological response to different time scales of climatological drought: an evaluation of the Standardized Precipitation Index in a mountainous Mediterranean basin. Hydrology and earth system sciences, 9(5): 523-533.

  • Receive Date 15 June 2021
  • Revise Date 23 August 2021
  • Accept Date 02 September 2021