Crop Science Research in Arid Regions

Crop Science Research in Arid Regions

Effect of Phosphorus and Potassium on the Growth and Yield of Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Mohammad Sedghi
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
10.22034/csrar.2020.119142
Abstract
Plant nutrition and reduction of element deficiency is one of the most important affecting factors on plant production. Our knowledge about the effect of nutritional elements on medicinal plants is rare. In order to determining these effects, a factorial experiment as randomized complete block design conducted on research farm of  university of Mohaghegh Ardabili. Treatments were four phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) including 0, 40, 80 and 120 Kg ha-1 from the source of ammonium phosphate and four potassium fertilizer (K2O) as 0, 50, 100 and 150 Kg ha-1 from the source of potassium nitrate. Results showed that variation in growth indices trend was approximately similar in all potassium and phosphorus levels, but K2O had the major effects on the mean of growth indices. Solely P2O5 at 120 Kg ha-1 in different K2O levels had the various trend in relative growth rate in comparison to other treatments. The highest yield of grain and dry flowers was seen in the mixture of 80 and 150 Kg ha-1 P2O5 and K2O respectively, but had no significant difference with 80 and 100 Kg ha-1. In conclusion, using of K2O had more great effects on studied traits and effect of P2O5 was negligible.

Highlights

  Bielski, S. and Szwejkowska, B. 2013. Effect of fertilization on the development and yields of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Herba Polonica, 59(2): 5-12.

Borna-Nasrabadi, T. 2005. Effect of different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on fertility (growth, grain yield and amount of active ingredients) of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum). MSc. Thesis. Tarbiat Modarres University. (In Persian with English summary).

Chrysargyris, A., Panayiotou, C. and Tzortzakis, N. 2016. Nitrogen and phosphorus levels affected plant growth, essential oil composition and antioxidant status of lavender plant (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.). Industrial Crops and Products, 83: 577-586.

Everet, P.H. and Subramanya, R. 1983. Pepper production as influenced by plant spacing and nitrogen-potassium rates. Horticultural Science, 96: 79-82.

Fathi, G. 1999. Crop growth and nutrition. Jihad-Daneshgahi of Mashhad. P:92. (In Persian).

Hashemabadi, D., Mostofipour, A.A., Berimavandi, A.R., Kaviani, B. and Zarchini, M. 2012. Improvement of the yield and essential oils quantitative in Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) by using different planting arrangement and potassium fertilizer. Journal of Ornamental and Horticultural Plants, 2 (3): 147-154.

Jevdovic, R., Todorovic, G., Kostic, M., Protic, R., Lekic, S., Zivanovic, T. and Secanski, M. 2013. The effects of location and the application of different mineral fertilizers on seed yield and quality of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 18(1): 1-7.

Jones, J.B., Stanley, C.D., Csizinszky, A.A., Kovach, S.P. and McGuire, R.G. 1988. K and N fertilization rated influence susceptibility of trickle- irrigated tomato plants to bacterial spot. HortScience, 23(6): 1013-1015.

Karimi, M. and Azizi, M. 1994. Crop growth analysis. Jihad-Daneshgahi of Mashhad. P: 111. (In Persian).

Khold-Barin, B. and Eslamzadeh, T. 2001. Higher plants inorganic nutrition. Shiraz university press. P:490. (In Persian).

Lebaschy, M.H. and Sharifi Ashourabadi, E. 2004. Application of physiological growth indices for suitable harvesting of Hypericum perforatum. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 65: 65-75. (In Persian).

Malakooti, M. 1999. Comprehensive approaches to diagnosis and Need for optimal use of chemical fertilizers. Tarbiat Modarres University press. P: 113. (In Persian).

 Moazzen, Sh., Daneshian, J., Valadabadi, S.A. and Baghdadi, H. 2006. Study of plant population and phosphate fertilization on some agronomic characters and seed and fruit yield of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22(4):397-409. (In Persian).

Moreira. P.A., Marchetti, M.E., Vieira, M.C., Novelino, J.O., Goncalves, M.C. and Robaina, A.D. 2005. Vegetative development and macronutrients level in calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) in response to nitrogen and phosphate fertilization. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 8(1): 18-23.

Pal, P. and Goush, P. 2010. Effect of different sources and levels of potassium on growth, flowering and yield of African marigold. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources, 1(3): 371-375.

Romli, M., Hariyono, B. and Machfud, M. 2007. Effect of fertilizer N, P and K. on the growth and yield of Jatropha curcas L. Proceedings of the Workshop II: Status of Jatropha Plant Technology, Bogor, 30-35.

Shiranirad, A. 2000. Crop physiology. Dibagaran press. Tehran. P:358. (In Persian).

Shomali, R., Abdolzadeh, A., Haddadchi, G.R. and Sadeghipour, H.R. 2007. Effect of different potassium and iron concentration on growth, ion contents and some biochemical parameters in rice (var. Tarem). Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 14(5): 64-85.

Thomaz. S., Chambers. P.A., Andrea Pierini, S. and Pereire. G. 2007. Effect of phosphorus and nitrogen amendments on the Growth of Egeria najas.  Aquatic Botany, 86: 191-196.

Vijay. N., Kumar, A. and Bhoite, A. 2009. Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on biochemical contents of Asparagus recemosus (Willd.) root tubers. Research Journal of Environmental Science, 3(3): 285-291.

Yassen, A.A., Habib, A.M., Zaghloul, S.M. and Khaled, S.M. 2010. Effect of different sources of potassium fertilizers on growth yield, and chemical composition of Calendula officinalis. Journal of American Science, 6(12):1044-1048.

Zaman Khan, H., Asghar Malik, M., Farrukh Saleem, M. and Aziz. I. 2004. Effect of different potassium fertilization levels on growth, seed yield and oil contents of Canola (Brassica napus L.).  International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6(3): 557-559.

Keywords
Element absorption affinity
Growth indices
Plant nutrition
Yield
  Bielski, S. and Szwejkowska, B. 2013. Effect of fertilization on the development and yields of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Herba Polonica, 59(2): 5-12.
Borna-Nasrabadi, T. 2005. Effect of different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on fertility (growth, grain yield and amount of active ingredients) of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum). MSc. Thesis. Tarbiat Modarres University. (In Persian with English summary).
Chrysargyris, A., Panayiotou, C. and Tzortzakis, N. 2016. Nitrogen and phosphorus levels affected plant growth, essential oil composition and antioxidant status of lavender plant (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.). Industrial Crops and Products, 83: 577-586.
Everet, P.H. and Subramanya, R. 1983. Pepper production as influenced by plant spacing and nitrogen-potassium rates. Horticultural Science, 96: 79-82.
Fathi, G. 1999. Crop growth and nutrition. Jihad-Daneshgahi of Mashhad. P:92. (In Persian).
Hashemabadi, D., Mostofipour, A.A., Berimavandi, A.R., Kaviani, B. and Zarchini, M. 2012. Improvement of the yield and essential oils quantitative in Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) by using different planting arrangement and potassium fertilizer. Journal of Ornamental and Horticultural Plants, 2 (3): 147-154.
Jevdovic, R., Todorovic, G., Kostic, M., Protic, R., Lekic, S., Zivanovic, T. and Secanski, M. 2013. The effects of location and the application of different mineral fertilizers on seed yield and quality of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 18(1): 1-7.
Jones, J.B., Stanley, C.D., Csizinszky, A.A., Kovach, S.P. and McGuire, R.G. 1988. K and N fertilization rated influence susceptibility of trickle- irrigated tomato plants to bacterial spot. HortScience, 23(6): 1013-1015.
Karimi, M. and Azizi, M. 1994. Crop growth analysis. Jihad-Daneshgahi of Mashhad. P: 111. (In Persian).
Khold-Barin, B. and Eslamzadeh, T. 2001. Higher plants inorganic nutrition. Shiraz university press. P:490. (In Persian).
Lebaschy, M.H. and Sharifi Ashourabadi, E. 2004. Application of physiological growth indices for suitable harvesting of Hypericum perforatum. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 65: 65-75. (In Persian).
Malakooti, M. 1999. Comprehensive approaches to diagnosis and Need for optimal use of chemical fertilizers. Tarbiat Modarres University press. P: 113. (In Persian).
 Moazzen, Sh., Daneshian, J., Valadabadi, S.A. and Baghdadi, H. 2006. Study of plant population and phosphate fertilization on some agronomic characters and seed and fruit yield of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22(4):397-409. (In Persian).
Moreira. P.A., Marchetti, M.E., Vieira, M.C., Novelino, J.O., Goncalves, M.C. and Robaina, A.D. 2005. Vegetative development and macronutrients level in calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) in response to nitrogen and phosphate fertilization. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 8(1): 18-23.
Pal, P. and Goush, P. 2010. Effect of different sources and levels of potassium on growth, flowering and yield of African marigold. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources, 1(3): 371-375.
Romli, M., Hariyono, B. and Machfud, M. 2007. Effect of fertilizer N, P and K. on the growth and yield of Jatropha curcas L. Proceedings of the Workshop II: Status of Jatropha Plant Technology, Bogor, 30-35.
Shiranirad, A. 2000. Crop physiology. Dibagaran press. Tehran. P:358. (In Persian).
Shomali, R., Abdolzadeh, A., Haddadchi, G.R. and Sadeghipour, H.R. 2007. Effect of different potassium and iron concentration on growth, ion contents and some biochemical parameters in rice (var. Tarem). Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 14(5): 64-85.
Thomaz. S., Chambers. P.A., Andrea Pierini, S. and Pereire. G. 2007. Effect of phosphorus and nitrogen amendments on the Growth of Egeria najas.  Aquatic Botany, 86: 191-196.
Vijay. N., Kumar, A. and Bhoite, A. 2009. Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on biochemical contents of Asparagus recemosus (Willd.) root tubers. Research Journal of Environmental Science, 3(3): 285-291.
Yassen, A.A., Habib, A.M., Zaghloul, S.M. and Khaled, S.M. 2010. Effect of different sources of potassium fertilizers on growth yield, and chemical composition of Calendula officinalis. Journal of American Science, 6(12):1044-1048.
Zaman Khan, H., Asghar Malik, M., Farrukh Saleem, M. and Aziz. I. 2004. Effect of different potassium fertilization levels on growth, seed yield and oil contents of Canola (Brassica napus L.).  International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6(3): 557-559.
Crop Science Research in Arid Regions
Volume 2, Issue 1 - Serial Number 3
November 2020
Pages 55-66

  • Receive Date 03 January 2018
  • Revise Date 22 April 2018
  • Accept Date 02 December 2018