ارزیابی تنوع صفات مورفولوژیک در اکوتیپ‌های مختلف رازیانه با استفاده از روش‌های آماری چند متغیره

To investigate genetic diversity and relationships among morphological traits, an experiment was performed using a completely randomized design with 3 replications on 11 fennel ecotypes in the greenhouse of Payame Noor University of Qom, in 2020. Based on the results of the analysis of variance, a significant difference was observed among the studied ecotypes for all traits. Most of the studied traits had high broad-sense heritability. Seed yield per plant had a positive and significant correlation with the number of umbellets per umbel (0.64), number of umbels per plant (0.59), and number of branches per plant (0.56). Factor analysis showed that three main and independent factors explained 78.74 percent of the total variance in all ecotypes. Cluster analysis using the Ward method grouped 11 studied ecotypes into four separate clusters. The second cluster ecotypes (Ardabil and Moghan) are valuable due to their high values of plant height, number of branches per plant, number of umbels per plant, number of umbellets per umbel, number of flowers per umbellets, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield, and these ecotypes can be used to select of high yielding ecotypes and desirable morphological traits in breeding programs.

Abstract
To investigate genetic diversity and relationships among morphological traits, an experiment was performed using a completely randomized design with 3 replications on 11 fennel ecotypes in the greenhouse of Payame Noor University of Qom, in 2020. Based on the results of the analysis of variance, a significant difference was observed among the studied ecotypes for all traits. Most of the studied traits had high broad-sense heritability. Seed yield per plant had a positive and significant correlation with the number of umbellets per umbel (0.64), number of umbels per plant (0.59), and number of branches per plant (0.56). Factor analysis showed that three main and independent factors explained 78.74 percent of the total variance in all ecotypes. Cluster analysis using the Ward method grouped 11 studied ecotypes into four separate clusters. The second cluster ecotypes (Ardabil and Moghan) are valuable due to their high values of plant height, number of branches per plant, number of umbels per plant, number of umbellets per umbel, number of flowers per umbellets, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield, and these ecotypes can be used to select of high yielding ecotypes and desirable morphological traits in breeding programs.

Abstract
To investigate genetic diversity and relationships among morphological traits, an experiment was performed using a completely randomized design with 3 replications on 11 fennel ecotypes in the greenhouse of Payame Noor University of Qom, in 2020. Based on the results of the analysis of variance, a significant difference was observed among the studied ecotypes for all traits. Most of the studied traits had high broad-sense heritability. Seed yield per plant had a positive and significant correlation with the number of umbellets per umbel (0.64), number of umbels per plant (0.59), and number of branches per plant (0.56). Factor analysis showed that three main and independent factors explained 78.74 percent of the total variance in all ecotypes. Cluster analysis using the Ward method grouped 11 studied ecotypes into four separate clusters. The second cluster ecotypes (Ardabil and Moghan) are valuable due to their high values of plant height, number of branches per plant, number of umbels per plant, number of umbellets per umbel, number of flowers per umbellets, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield, and these ecotypes can be used to select of high yielding ecotypes and desirable morphological traits in breeding programs.