تاثیر مدیریت آبیاری، کمپوست زباله شهری و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک بادام‌زمینی (.Arachis hypogaea L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

3 استادیار،گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان،ایران

4 استاد گروه مهندسی آب، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی تأثیر کمپوست زباله شهری و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک بادام­زمینی در دو شرایط آبیاری و بدون آبیاری، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال­های 1397 و 1398 انجام شد. کرت اصلی شامل آبیاری در دو سطح فاریاب و بدون آبیاری، تیمار کمپوست در دو سطح عدم مصرف (C1) و مصرف پنج تن در هکتار (C2) به عنوان کرت فرعی و کود نیتروژن (در چهار سطح صفر، 20، 40 و 60 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار) به عنوان کرت فرعی فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد پنج تن کمپوست در هکتار بر طول غلاف، کلروفیل b و کاروتنوئیدها به‌ترتیب سبب افزایش معنی­دار 9/65، 10/3 و 16/1 درصدی گردید. بیشترین طول غلاف و عملکرد دانه در تیمارهای اعمال آبیاری و کاربرد 40 و 60 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار مشاهده گردید و اعمال کمپوست توأم با 60 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار سبب افزایش معنی­دار عملکرد دانه شد. با افزایش مصرف نیتروژن، میزان کلروفیل­های a و b و قرائت کلروفیل­متر به‌طور معنی­داری افزایش یافت و بیشترین مقدار این صفات با کاربرد 60 و 40 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به‌دست آمد. در شرایط عدم آبیاری و عدم کاربرد نیتروژن، در سال دوم نسبت به سال اول، عملکرد دانه به میزان 21 درصد بیشتر بود. به نظر می­رسد که کاربرد 40 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن به همراه پنج تن در هکتار کمپوست زباله شهری در زراعت بادام­زمینی می­تواند در بهبود صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانۀ آن، خصوصاً در شرایط بدون ­آبیاری مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of irrigation management, municipal waste compost and nitrogen fertilizer on seed yield and some morpho-physiological traits of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Ashouri 1
  • Zeinab Khoshouei 2
  • Hamid reza Doroudian 3
  • Ebrahim Amiri 4
  • Naser Mohammadian Rowshan 1
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Lahijan branch, Islamic,Azad University, Lahijan,Iran
2 PhD student of Agronomy, Lahijan branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Lahijan branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan,Iran
4 Professor ,Department of Water Engineering.Lahijan Branch,Islamic Azad Uneversity,Lahijan,Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of municipal waste compost and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and some physiological traits of peanut in both irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, an experiment was conducted as a split-split plot based on the randomized complete block design with two levels of irrigation (irrigation and non-irrigation conditions) as the main plot, two levels of compost (0.0 and 5 t/ha) as the sub plot and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0.0, 20, 40, and 60 kg N/ha) as sub-sub plot factor during 2018 and 2019. The results showed application of 5 t/ha compost caused significant increase in pod length, chlorophyll b and carotenoids by 9.65%, 10.3% and 16.1%, respectively. The highest values of pod length and seed yield were observed under irrigated conditions and application of 40 and 60 kg N/ha and seed yield was increased by interaction of 5 t/ha compost × 60 kg N/ha. With increasing nitrogen consumption, the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and SPAD reading increased significantly and the highest amount of these traits was obtained by using 60 and 40 kg N/ha. In addition, seed yield in the second year (under non-irrigation conditions and no application of nitrogen fertilizer) had a significant increase (equal to 21%) compared to the same conditions in the first year. In general, it seems that the application of 40 kg N/ha and 5 t/ha of municipal solid waste compost can improve morpho-physiological traits and seed yield in the peanut, especially under non-irrigation conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carotenoids
  • Druoght stress
  • Leaf chlorophyll
  • Pod length
  • Seed yield
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