شبیه‌سازی تاثیر رژیم های رطوبتی بر رشد و عملکرد ذرت (Zea mays) در منطقه کرمانشاه توسط مدل CERES-Maize

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اگرواکولوژی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 دانش آموخته گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

یکی از ابزارهای معتبر جهت مطالعه اثرات مدیریت بر تولیدات کشاورزی استفاده از مدل‌های رشد گیاهان زراعی است. به منظور تعیین اثر سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر رشد و تولید ارقام ذرت دانه‌ای و اعتبار سنجی مدل CERES-Maize، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه رازی طی سال زراعی 97-1396 اجرا گردید. فاکتور اصلی سه سطح آبیاری (تأمین 130، 100 و 70 درصد نیاز آبی) و فاکتور فرعی سه رقم ذرت (SC704, Simon, BC678) بود. صفات مورد ارزیابی شامل مراحل نمو فنولوژیک، شاخص سطح برگ، وزن خشک کل، عملکرد دانه ذرت و تبخیر و تعرق روزانه بود. نتایج ارزیابی مدل نشان داد که مقادیر nRMSE ارقام SC704، Simon و BC678 برای روز تا گرده‌افشانی به ترتیب 2/8، 1/7 و 1/9 درصد، برای روز تا رسیدن فیزیولوژیک 4/2، 4 و 4/6 درصد، برای وزن خشک کل 9/6، 7/0 و 13/4 درصد و برای عملکرد دانه 12/9، 5/2 و 6/1 درصد میانگین مقادیر مشاهده شده بود. میزان جذر میانگین مربعات خطا نرمال شده برای تبخیر و تعرق از 12/9 تا 35/5 درصد میانگین مشاهدات بود. با کاهش محتوای آب قابل دسترس گیاه در تیمار کم آبیاری در مقایسه با تیمارهای دیگر آبیاری، میزان تبخیر و تعرق تجمعی شبیه‌سازی شده به تدریج از تبخیر و تعرق اندازه‌گیری شده فاصله گرفت، به طوری­که در تیمار تنش کمبود آب مدل میزان تبخیر و تعرق را بیشتر از شرایط مزرعه پیش‌بینی نمود. به‌طور کلی نتایج ارزیابی‌ها مشخص کرد که مدل CERES-Maize قادر است واکنش رشد و عملکرد ارقام ذرت را در شرایط رطوبتی مختلف خاک با دقت مناسبی پیش‌بینی کند و می­توان از آن برای ارزیابی تأثیر رژیم­های مختلف آبیاری در مزارع ذرت استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Simulation of moisture regimes effect on maize (Zea mays) growth and yield in Kermanshah region by CERES-Maize model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farzad Mondani 1
  • Parisa Karami 2
  • Rozhin Ghobadi 3
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 MSc Student in Agroecology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Graduated in Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the reliable approaches to study the effects of management on agricultural production is using crop growth models. In order to determine the effect of different levels of irrigation on the growth and productivity of grainy maize cultivars and validation of the CERES-Maize model, an experiment was conducted as split plot at the experimental field of Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran, during 2017-2018. Main-factor was three irrigation regimes (IR) included supplying 130, 100, 70% water requirement (IR130%, IR100% and IR70% respectively), and sub-factor included three maize cultivars (SC704, Simon and BC678). The evaluated traits were development stages, leaf area index, total dry weight, grain yield and daily evapotranspiration. Model validation results showed that nRMSE values of SC704, Simon and BC678 for days to anthesis were 2.8, 1.7 and 1.9%, for days to physiological maturity were 4.2, 4 and 4.6%, for total dry weight were 9.6, 7.0 and 13.4% and for grain yield were 12.9, 5.2 and 6.1% observations, respectively. The nRMSE for daily evapotranspiration was 12.9 to 23.5% observations. By reducing the water content available in the IR70% treatment compared to other irrigation treatments, the simulated cumulative evapotranspiration gradually moved away from the measured evapotranspiration, so that in the water deficit stress treatment, the model simulated the amount of evapotranspiration more than farm conditions. Overall, the results of validation showed that the CERES-Maize model was able to predict response the growth and yield of maize cultivars under different soil moisture conditions with appropriate accuracy, therefore, it can be used to evaluate the impact of different irrigation regimes in the maize fields.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Deficit irrigation
  • Development stages
  • Evapotranspiration
  • Model calibration
  • Model validation

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 19 فروردین 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 اردیبهشت 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 21 اردیبهشت 1400

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