ارزیابی عملکرد و سرعت پرشدن دانه لاین‌های امیدبخش گندم نان (Triticum aestivum L.) در پاسخ به درجه روز رشد (GDD)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

2 دانش آموخته دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

افزایش عملکرد در گندم مستلزم شناخت روش­های مدیریتی مناسب است. از جمله مهم­ترین آنها  معرفی ارقام جدید و تاریخ کاشت مناسب می­باشد. به منظور ارزیابی عملکرد و سرعت پرشدن دانه لاین‌های امیدبخش گندم نان نسبت به تاریخ کاشت به موقع و تأخیری آزمایشی در ایستگاه عراقی محله گرگان در دو سال زراعی 1395-1394و 1396-1395 انجام شد. این آزمایش به صورت اسپیلت­پلات و بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتور اصلی تاریخ کاشت در دو سطح شامل: 15 آذر (تاریخ کاشت به­موقع) و 15دی (تاریخ کاشت تأخیری) و فاکتور فرعی هشت رقم و ژنوتیپ گندم بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب نشان داد که اثرات  سال، تاریخ کاشت و اثرات متقابل سال × تاریخ کاشت بر روی همه صفات مورد بررسی به جز شاخص برداشت معنی­دار بود. همچنین اثرات متقابل تاریخ کاشت × ژنوتیپ­ نیز بر روی همه صفات مورد بررسی به جز تعداد دانه در سنبله و درجه روز رشد از کاشت تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیکی معنی­دار بود. مناسب بودن شرایط آب و هوایی در طول دوره رشد و نمو گیاه در تاریخ کاشت 15 آذر باعث افزایش تعداد پنجه­های بارور شد و از طرف دیگر کوتاهی فصل رشد گندم  در تاریخ کاشت­ دیرتر باعث کاهش تعداد پنجه­های بارور گردید.  نتایج مقایسه میانگین­های اثرات متقابل سال × ژنوتیپ­های مورد بررسی و اثرات متقابل تاریخ کاشت × ژنوتیپ نشان داد که در هر دو سال اجرای آزمایش و همچنین در هر دو تاریخ کاشت ژنوتیپ شماره هفت با پدیگری SAUAL/3/MILAN/S87230//BAV92 و رقم گنبد دارای طول دوره پرشدن و سرعت موثرپرشدن دانه بالاتری بودند و توانستند عملکرد قابل قبولی در مقایسه با سایر ژنوتیپ­ها تولید نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Yield and Grain Filling Rate of Bread Wheat Promising Lines (Triticum aestivum L.) to Growth Degree Days (GDD)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Habiba allah Soughi 1
  • Mohammad Taghi Feyzbakhsh 1
  • Nasibe Rrezvantalab 2
1 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran.
2 PhD Graduated in crop ecology, Gorgan university of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Increasing wheat yield requires an understanding of appropriate management method that are Increasing wheat yield requires an understanding of appropriate management method that are most important sowing date and appropriate cultivars. Evaluation of yield and grain filling rate of bread wheat promising lines to normal and late seeding dates, this experiment was carried out at Gorgan research station during 2015-2017. The experiment was a spilt-plot based on RCBD with three replications. The main factors was two sowing date December 15th (normal seeding date) and January 15th (late seeding date) and the second factor were eight genotype and cultivar of wheat. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that the effects of year, sowing date and interaction effects of year × sowing date were significant on all of traits under study expect of harvest index. Also interaction effects of year × genotype were significant on all of traits under study expect of number of grains per spike and growth degree day to maturity. The suitability of climatic conditions during plant growth in normal seeding (December 15th) caused more tillers fertilized. On the other hand, the warmth and dryness of the air at the later seeding date reduced the number of fertilized tillers. Results showed that with delay in seeding date, mean of growth degree day to physiological maturity decreased. Also results of mean comparison of interaction effects of year × genotype and of year × sowing date showed that the genotype SAUAL/3/MILAN/S87230//BAV92 and Gonbad cultivar had higher length of filling period and rate of effective grain so produced acceptable yields compared to other.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Seeding date
  • Spike
  • Cultivar
  • Grain yield
  • Gorgan
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