تعیین کارایی مصرف آب (WUE) محصولات گندم و جو در اراضی زراعی دشت سیستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، مرکز آموزش عالی کاشمر، کاشمر، ایران

چکیده

یکی از عوامل مهم در تعیین سیستم­های کشاورزی مناسب مناطق خشک و نیمه­خشک بهره­وری آب آن­ها می­باشد. این تحقیق با هدف تعیین کارایی مصرف آب گندم و جو در بخش پشت آب شهرستان زابل در ۵ روستای مختلف شامل راهدار، چرک، حاجی‌آباد، پیران، تیمورآباد شیخی به‌صورت میدانی انجام شد. جهت محاسبه حجم آبیاری در کانال­های آبیاری از روش جسم شناور استفاده شد و عمق آب آبیاری در مزارع تعیین شد. برای برداشت محصول، قسمتی از زمین به ابعاد 1m×1m به‌گونه‌ای انتخاب شد که نمونه­ی بارزی از مزرعه باشد. دو نمونه­ی قوی و ضعیف از دو زمین مختلف از هر روستا (دو نمونه قوی و ضعیف در بعضی مزارع در کنار همدیگر بوده‌اند) انتخاب کرده و محصول برداشت شد. پس از خشک شدن نمونه­های گندم عمل جداسازی به‌صورت دستی انجام شد و دانه‌های مربوط به هر زمین وزن شده و عملکرد بذر به دست آمد. به‌طورکلی متوسط کارایی مصرف مطلوب (WUEM) گندم و جو در بخش پشت آب شهرستان زابل به ترتیب ۱/۰۳و ۱/۰۸ کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب به دست آمد. همچنین متوسط کارایی مصرف ضعیف (WUEL) گندم و جو در بخش پشت آب شهرستان زابل به ترتیب ۰/۷۲ و ۰/۶۴ کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب به دست آمد. همچنین نمودار تابعی عملکرد گندم و جو با عمق آب مصرفی نشان داد که افزایش عملکرد گندم و جو علاوه بر مصرف آب، با توجه به یکسان بودن اقلیم در منطقه بستگی به مدیریت آبیاری، آفات و بیماری­ها، کود و خاک دارد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Water Use Efficiency of Wheat and Barley in Arable Lands of Sistan Plain

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Naderianfar 1
  • Hadi Dehghan 2
1 Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
2 Water Science and Engineering Department, Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, Iran
چکیده [English]

Water productivity is a key factor for identifying the agricultural systems appropriate for arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of this study was to identify the effectiveness of wheat and barley`s water usage in Poshteab district of Sistan. This field research included 5 villages of Rahdar, Cherk, Hajiabad, Piran and Teymurabad sheykhi. To calculate the volume of irrigation in channels, the float method was used. Moreover, the depth of irrigation in farms were determined. A piece of land as the prominent sample was selected for harvesting which had 1m×1m dimensions. Two other powerful and weak samples were selected from two different lands in every village (in some cases the two samples were beside each other) and were harvested. When wheat samples were dried, the separation process was done manually. Every land`s seeds were weighted and their yield was evaluated. All in all, the average efficiency of water usage effectiveness of wheat and barley in Poshteab district of Sistan were 1.03 and 1.08 kg/m3, respectively. Additionally, the average efficiency of weak usage of Wheat and barley in Poshteab districs of Sistan were 0.72 and 0.64 kg/m3, respectively. Moreover, the functional chart of wheat and barley yield along with the depth of used water indicated that increasing the wheat and barley `s yielding, not only depended on water use, but also it depended on the irrigation management, calamities, fertilizers and soil, considering the same climates in the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Use Efficiency
  • The volume of irrigation water
  • Irrigation management
  • Yielding
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